Concurring, as we do, with Judge Harris, as to the newly discovered evidence, we adopt his opinion as our own, upon that ground.
A grave question is presented by counsel for the plaintiff in error, in the argument of this case, viz, as to the right of amending the motion for a new trial. It is insisted that it cannot be so amended as to include matter that has arisen since the making of the original motion. Application may be made for a new trial in extraordma/ry cases, after the term at which the trial was had. Code, section 3648. So we infer that new grounds may he inserted, which originated subsequently to the term at which the trial took place, and after the original application for a new trial was made. This provision was adopted, no doubt, to save the necessity for filing a till for a new trial, as heretofore practiced in such cases.
Let the judgment he affirmed.
“The death of Judge Thomas W. Thomas, before whom the above stated ease was tried, and the connection of Judge Reese with it as counsel for the defendant upon the trial, have, together, led the present counsel of both plaintiff and defendant to refer the motion for a new trial to me for decision.
“ There are several grounds in the motion for new trial *569upon which I deem it unnecessary to express any definite opinion. They have been, in the briefs submitted, argued with plausibility by defendant’s counsel; but they have failed to convince me that I should disturb the rulings of Judge Thomas.
“ Another ground is presented by the motion, upon which this application can be more satisfactorily disposed of. It is that of newly discovered testimony. This ground is not a favorite with courts. Interest reipublim ut finis sit litmmi, is a legal maxim, and full of wisdom. If adhered to in all cases, it would produce great injustice. No one is more sensible than myself of the manifold evils which would ensue, from lending a ready ear to applications made by unsuccessful suitors. But as the principles regulating the practice of courts in granting or refusing new trials upon this ground, have been reduced to definite form, and fixed by repeated adjudications, the task of applying the facts to these established principles is the only one imposed on me.
“ The principles referred to are:
1. That the testimony is new — was not used on the trial, but has been subsequently discovered.
2. That it would be material in determining the point in issue, or that it probably would produce a different result.
3. That sufficient evidence accompanies the application for new trial, of diligence, previous to the trial, to procure testimony to the point involved.
4. That the new testimony is not merely omnulatme.
“ I apprehend it will be readily conceded, that the testimony of Weathers and Crook, who were not sworn on the trial, is new; the affidavits show that it was discovered since the trial. The materiality of it is unquestionable. If true, it destroys the presumption of the death of Graves seven years before the escheat act of Georgia of 1801; as also the other presumption, that he had abandoned his rights under the grant of 1789, to the land in controversy. That land was, upon common law principles, which existed up to the act of 1801, by presumption deemed to have escheated and *570re-vested in the State. It is not pretended that it was escheated under the act of 1801. Remove the presumption of the death of Graves, or. of his abandonment of his title to the land, by showing him to be in existence within the seven years immediately preceding -the act of 1801, (and the testimony claimed to be newly discovered will show Graves to be in life in Lincoln in 1798 and 1799) and the inevitable conclusion must be, that the land which passed out of the State of Georgia by her grant in 1789, never re-vested legally in her, so as to admit of its being re-granted.
“ Was the diligence exercised previously to the trial, by the defendant and his attorney at law, to procure evidence of the existence of Graves and his whereabouts, up to 1800 and 1801, sufficient ? The affidavit of Judge Reese is very full. He alleges that he inquired in all the places he could think of, previous to the trial, and that he did not know of a single person by whom he could prove Graves was alive about 1800 or 1801. It is urged by plaintiff’s counsel that the affidavits are defective b ¿cause they do not specify, either the names of the places or neighborhood searched, or of. the persons inquired of. I know of no rule of practice so stringent, I am unwilling, in this case, to require so much. The fact that Mr. Reese was an attorney and counsellor of eminence, a gentleman of great industry, conducting,the defence of Ulm, and knowing full well what testimony was necessary to defeat the adversary claim, must be presumed to have made, intelligently, his inquiries for testimony, at such places and of such persons as common sense would suggest. I can not feel the,force of the suggestion, that the age of Withers necessarily pointed him out as a person of whom inquiries should have been made by Ulm or Mr. Reese. His affidavit shows that he removed from South Carolina to Georgia in 1797. He was then about thirteen years old. The land in dispute had been granted about eighteen years before, and the mountain named, or called, probably, very soon after-wards by the name of the grantee. These circumstances, most probably, were unknown or unheeded, or made so slight *571an impression upon a young mind, that he ceased, to keep watch upon the movements of Graves, very likely, as Graves removed from Lincoln in 1799. Besides, this witness is very illiterate, not being able to write his name. Putting all the facts together, it is hard to perceive what would have induced any one to go to him in search of the desired knowledge. The reasons here stated should exempt Ulm from any imputation of negligence in not inquiring of Weathers before the trial as to the existence of Graves, though living within a few miles of each other.
“ I can not think that the agé of Crook, either, necessarily should have led the defendant or his counsel to go to him as ‘ an aged person,’ to make inquiries. His simple occupation, but a common one in his day, his casual visits to Lincolnton, and the distance of his residence from Ulm, all unite in excusing Ulm from looking for testimony in that direction.
“ More diligence than is exhibited by the affidavits accompanying the motion for new trial, I am impressed, is not required by the principles of the common law.
“ The last requisite is, that the testimony called newly discovered should not be merely cumulative. The term cumulative will be found, upon examination, not to be understood alike by all Courts. If it means no more than what Chief Justice Savage, in 10th WendalVs Septs., says, that it is “additional evidence to support the same point, and which is of the same character with evidence already in the case,” then, it appears to me, that the proposed newly discovered testimony can not, with propriety, be said to be cumulative. The brief of testimony before me discloses not a question put or answer given as to the existence of Graves. I ¡make this assertion, putting out of view the exemplification of the suit in the Circuit Court and the confession of judgment, as it was repelled. There was no proof by plaintiff, whatever, as to the death of Graves prior to 1801, nor of the ’abandonment of the possession of the land or of his claim of title. How can it be said, then, this testimony, in any view, is *572cumulative ? To what is it additional % What evidence is there in the brief of the same character of that proposed %
“I have examined the case in 26 Ga., of Vicl&ery vs. Benson: in one respect it differs from this. The plaintiff, in that, after Benson had made his defence, introduced testimony to prove that they, the witnesses, did not know, nor had ever heard, of Lamentation Braswell, the first grantee of the State to the land in, dispute. In this case, no such testimony was adduced. I will not decide that some such testimony ,was necessary, as I grant the new trial upon a distinct ground; but I grant it the more readily, from the absence of all proof by plaintiff of the death of Graves, or his abandonment of possession.
“ Let the rule for a new trial be made absolute.”