This case was a suit on a bond of John Jones, made and executed on the 13th day of January, 1873, with John T. Grant and O. A. Nutting as securities, payable to James M. Smith, governor, conditioned for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office as treasurer of the state, to which office, as the bond recites, he had been elected on the 11th day of January, 1873, for four years from and after said day of election.
The declaration alleged that the treasurer had broken his obligation in many particulars. As some of these allegations have been disposed of upon the trial below, and are not here for review, it is only necessary to refer to those which are in the record for our examination.
First, it is charged that when Jones took possession of the treasury, on the 13th day of January, 1873, there were therein certain bonds of said state which had matured prior to that date, and had been redeemed, taken up and deposited in said treasury for safe keeping, as required by law— then followed a description of said bonds — which said Jones
Second, that John Jones falsely and fraudulently procured an executive warrant for another series of bonds, amounting to the sum of twenty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, which had been redeemed, and deposited in the treasury for safe keeping, and that he obtained a credit also for that amount fraudulently in his accounts with the treasury.
Third, that on the 30th day of November, 1874, he falsely and fraudulently represented to the governor, that he had paid off, with the money of the state, forty-three thousand two hundred and sixty dollars of gold coupons and fourteen hundred dollars of currency coupons, matured on the outstanding bonds of the state, and by that fraudulent means, had procured from the governor an executive warrant for said sums, and afterwards got credit for them.
These three items constitute the only issues here, as to the liability of Jones.
When the case was called for trial in the superior court, the securities, John T. Grant and O. A. Nutting, presented pleas with three counts. Those pleas are, substantially, that Jones was elected treasurer on the 11th day of January, 1873 — that the governor was anxious that he should take charge of the treasury at once — that Jones was not prepared to give his official bond at once, because of the absence of his sureties. To meet that emergency, it was agreed that Jones should execute a temporary bond with sureties, to be held by the governor until he should make and deliver a permanent official bond, and then to become void and of no force — that, in pursuance of that agreement between the
The presiding judge, by an order which appears in the record, referred the matters of account of said Jones to an auditor. The following is a copy of that order :
‘ ‘ Upon consideration it is ordered that James M. Pace, of the county of Newton, be and he is hereby appointed as auditor to investigate the accounts between the state and said John Jones, principal, during the time covered by said bond; that said auditor may subpmna witnesses, administer oaths, and hear testimony upon any disputed facts, always giving notice of his sittings to the defendants in said case or their solicitors; that all interrogatories and depositions in said case may be returned to the clerk and opened and handed to the auditor; that he report the result of his auditing of said accounts to this court by or during its next term, and either party to said cause shall have fifteen days after notice of filing said report to except thereto. July 1st, 1876.”
The auditor made his report, to which many exceptions were filed. The exceptions of law were disposed of . by the court, and those of fact submitted to the jury under the charge of the court. The jury found for the plaintiff the three items of liability charged in the declaration, aggregating $92,193.49.
1. The assignments of error which relate to the rulings of the court as affecting the rights of the securities, Grant and Nutting, will be considered first in order. The record shows that all of the pleas of the securities were demurred to by their counsel, and that the demurrer was sustained as to one of them, but as it does not appear that this ruling was excepted to, this court will only consider that question made in the pleas, as it was raised on the introduction of testimony in support of the pleas.
In support of their pleas the securities offered themselves as witnesses, proposing to prove that Jones, the treasurer, applied to them to go on a temporary bond to be held by the governor for the performance of his duties until a permanent bond could be executed by John Jones, his relatives and friends, and that they went with that understanding to the executive office and signed and delivered this bond, and when they so signed and delivered it they so stated to the governor that it was for the temporary purpose, and was to become void when the permanent bond should be made, delivered and approved, and it was so accepted by the governor.
This testimony, when offered, was objected to by the plaintiff and the court sustained the objection.
The question is, was parol evidence admissible to show such an agreement made cotemporaneously with the bond as to the liability of the securities ?
Parol evidence is inadmissible to add to, take from, or vary a written contract. Code, §2757.
There is no ambiguity in the lanuage of the bond. It was absolute and unconditional on its face. It conformed precisely to the statute. It obligated the principal to discharge faithfully his duties during the term of his office, and that term specified in the bond was four
2. The next question which we are called on to consider is that raised by exceptions to the auditor’s report. Those exceptions being that the auditor could not find against Jones $21,500, and other amounts of like character, it appearing by said report that those bonds are covered by executive warrants, and said warrants being conclusive as to the validity of all the vouchers upon which it is based, it is not in the power of the auditor, or of the courts, to overhaul the vouchers and determine the propriety of issuing said warrants, or to charge back to the treasurer any amount received by him upon said warrants.
This exception brings up the question of the right of one department of the government to revise the discretionary action of the other, to state it in the language of the counsel of the plaintiff in error.
We are at a loss to see how this action of the auditor, and the ruling of the court upon it, impinges upon the fundamental law, that the three departments of the government are to be kept distinct in their jurisdictions and functions. The gravamen of this whole case is, that one of the servants of the people has money in his possession which rightly belongs to them — that a large amount of its redeemed bonds and coupons had been put into the treasury for safe keeping after having been paid with their money— that that servant, in fraud of their rights, took these bonds and coupons to the governor, and fraudulently represented to him that he had paid them with his money.
If the facts alleged, and as found by the auditor, are true, the treasurer has in his possession vouchers which are false and fraudulent. The state itself, who is the real party, is
3, 4. When the order appointing an auditor was passed, it was a rightful exercise of power by the chancellor. The accounts were complicated, and it was a matter which could only be investigated by skilled persons.
5. It is complained that the presiding judge did not submit to the jury seriatim the exceptions of fact made and set forth in the record. It is undoubtedly the duty of the judge to do so, as is required by section 4203 of the Revised Code ; but, after carefully inspecting the record and comparing the exceptions, we are of the opinion that the condensation of several of them into one was a simplification of the issues to the jury. When the order was passed condensing them it does not appear that any objections were made to it, and while we do not decide that the failure to do so at the time concludes them from urging the objection here, yet as no objection was made, and it appears to have been a proper exercise of discretion, and one beneficial to the defendants, we are unwilling to sustain this ground of error.
7. After the jury had dispersed by the consent of the parties and returned into court, an alteration of the verdict was suggested and allowed to be made by the court. We are clear that this alteration but expressed more clearly the meaning of the jury, and one which was of benefit to the defendants.
8. We find no errors in the rulings of the court on the exceptions to the auditor’s report, and no material errors in the charge to the jury.
9. The last ground in the motion for new trial is that the verdict of the jury was contrary to the evidence. As before said, the verdict was only for the plaintiff the amount of the redeemed bonds of twenty-one thousand five hundred dollars — then of twenty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, and the gold coupons, amounting to about forty-four thousand dollars. It was conceded in the argument that the item of twenty-seven thousand five hundred dollars was not a proper charge by the treasurer against the state; but he claims that the jury did not make proper allowances to him in diminution of that item of indebtedness.
Upon the merits of the case we express no opinion. The jury had before them the testimony of Alton Angier and his father, and also the testimony of the officers of the Fourth National Bank of New York as to the shipment, payment and deposit of those bonds and coupons in the state treasury, with the testimony of Jones and others. They chose to believe that the bonds had been paid and returned to the state treasury, and that these bonds had been
Judgment affirmed.