[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
November 30, 2007
No. 07-11162 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
BIA No. A13-393-791
DOUGLAS HENDERSO FORDE,
Petitioner,
versus
U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
_________________________
(November 30, 2007)
Before TJOFLAT, ANDERSON and HULL, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Petitioner is a native and citizen of Barbados and a lawful permanent
resident of the United States. A Notice to Appear, issued by the Department of
Homeland Security (“DHS”) on February 6, 2004, stated that in May 2003,
petitioner, following travel abroad, applied for admission to the United States as a
lawful permanent resident and was paroled as an alien who had been convicted of a
crime involving moral turpitude.1 On March 15, 2005, at the conclusion of a
removal hearing at which petitioner was represented by counsel, an Immigration
Judge (“IJ”), in the exercise of her discretion, refused to grant petitioner a waiver
of inadmissibility under former Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) § 212(c),
8 U.S.C. § 1182(c), and ordered him removed pursuant to INA §
212(a)(2)(A)(i)(I), 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I).
Petitioner appealed the IJ’s decision to the Board of Immigration Appeals
(“BIA”), contending that counsel was ineffective at the removal hearing in several
respects, and that the IJ denied him due process with her hostile questioning and
“erred as a matter of law and discretion in deciding the case against him.”
Petitioner also moved the BIA to reopen the removal proceedings and remand the
case to the IJ.
The BIA dismissed the appeal on August 7, 2006, and denied petitioner’s
motion to reopen. It held that petitioner had not demonstrated that he was
1
The Notice to Appear stated that in December 1985, petitioner was convicted in New
York of two counts of second degree grand larceny, and that in March 1991, his parole
(following imprisonment for those offenses) was revoked.
2
“deserving of a discretionary grant of section 212(c) relief,” that his attorney’s
performance had not prejudiced his case, that he had “received a full and fair
hearing,” and that the IJ had “acted in an acceptable manner” and had not
demonstrated bias.
On September 6, 2006, petitioner moved the BIA to reconsider its August 7,
2006 order and requested a 21-day extension in which to file a supporting brief.
On September 29, 2006, he filed a supplemental motion to recuse the IJ and
remand his removal proceedings. On October 26, 2006, the BIA denied his
September 6, 2006 motion for reconsideration, as well as his September 29, 2006
motion to recuse the IJ and for remand. On November 15, 2006, petitioner moved
the BIA to reconsider its October 26, 2006 order and resubmitted his motion to
recuse the IJ and for remand.
On February 28, 2007, the BIA denied petitioner’s November 15 motion for
reconsideration, first noting that petitioner could not seek “reconsideration of an
order denying a previously filed motion to reconsider.” It then characterized his
motion to recuse and for remand, which was attached to his November 15 motion,
as a motion to reconsider its “August 7, 2006, order because, in essence, it alleges
that in that decision [the BIA] erroneously rejected [his] prior allegations of
judicial bias.” Thus, it found that the motion was successive and that the
arguments made in the motion either were or could have been raised on direct
3
appeal. On March 16, 2007, he petitioned us to review the BIA’s orders dated
February 28, 2007, October 26, 2006, and August 7, 2006.
Petitioner’s initial argument is that we have jurisdiction to review the BIA’s
orders of August 7 and October 26, 2006, because the issues pending at the time
those orders issued were “preserved” by his timely petition for review of the BIA’s
final February 28, 2007 order. Thus, he argues, we may review whether: (1) he
received a “full and fair” hearing from the IJ; (2) the IJ should have been recused;
and (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel.
By statute, an alien seeking review of a final order of the BIA must file a
petition for review within 30 days of the issuance of the final order. INA
§ 242(b)(1); 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1). “[T]he statutory limit for filing a petition for
review in an immigration proceeding is mandatory and jurisdictional, [and,
therefore,] it is not subject to equitable tolling.” Dakane v. U.S. Attorney Gen.,
399 F.3d 1269, 1272 n.3 (11th Cir. 2005) (citation and quotation omitted). The
finality of a removal order is not affected by the filing of a motion to reopen or
reconsider. Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386, 405, 115 S.Ct. 1537, 1549, 131 L.Ed.2d
465 (1995).
Because petitioner failed to file timely petitions for review of the BIA’s
August 7 and October 26, 2006 orders, we lack jurisdiction to review any of the
issues related to those underlying orders, and accordingly, the petition is dismissed,
4
to the extent that it relates to those issues.
Petitioner next argues that, although the jurisdictional-stripping provisions
of INA § 242(a)(2)(B)(ii) and (C), 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(B)(ii) and (C) apply to
his petition for review, we still may review his constitutional claims, including his
arguments that: (1) he did not receive a full and fair hearing before the IJ and thus
was denied due process; and (2) he received ineffective assistance of counsel in
derogation of the Fifth Amendment.
Petitioner failed to file a timely petition for review of the BIA’s August 7,
2006 order, where the BIA found that he received a “full and fair hearing” free
from any bias on the part of the IJ, and his intervening motions did not toll the
period in which to petition for review. See INA § 242(b)(1), 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252(b)(1); 8 C.F.R. § 1241.1(a); Dakane, 399 F.3d at 1272 n.3.
Petitioner’s argument that we have jurisdiction to review his due process
claims is without merit, as he failed to file a timely petition for review of the BIA’s
order rejecting those claims. Accordingly, his petition is dismissed to the extent
that it relates to due process claims.
Petitioner’s final argument is that the BIA abused its discretion by denying
reconsideration of its August 7 and October 26, 2006 orders. He further contends
that the BIA erred by: (1) denying his September 6, 2006 motion for
reconsideration; (2) construing his September 6, 2006 motion as merely a motion
5
for a time extension; and (3) recharacterizing his November 15, 2006 motion to
recuse the IJ and for remand as a motion to reconsider its August 7, 2006 order and
finding it to be successive.
We review the BIA’s denial of a motion for reconsideration for an abuse of
discretion. Assa’ad v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 332 F.3d 1321, 1341 (11th Cir. 2003). A
motion for reconsideration “shall specify the errors of law or fact in the previous
order and shall be supported by pertinent authority.” INA § 240(c)(6)(C), 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(6)(C); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(b)(1). Judicial review is limited to
determining “whether there has been an exercise of administrative discretion and
whether the matter of exercise has been arbitrary or capricious.” Garcia-Mir v.
Smith, 766 F.2d 1478, 1490 (11th Cir. 1985) (quotation omitted) (addressing a
motion to reopen). Furthermore, an alien “may file only one motion to reconsider
any given decision and may not seek reconsideration of a decision denying a
previous motion to reconsider.” INA § 240(c)(5), 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(5); 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.2(b)(2).
The BIA did not abuse its discretion in issuing its February 28, 2007 order
by holding that: (1) petitioner statutorily was barred from filing a motion to
reconsider the denial of an earlier motion to reconsider; and (2) his motion to
recuse the IJ and for remand actually was a successive motion for reconsideration,
as it was identical to his September 29, 2006, supplement to his first motion for
6
reconsideration. Accordingly, we deny the petition for review of the BIA’s
February 28, 2006 order.
DISMISSED, in part; DENIED, in part.
7