Goodarzi v. City of New York

Goldstein, J., dissents and votes to affirm the order appealed from, with the following memorandum:

On March 3, 1982, the plaintiff, an auxiliary police officer, was sitting in the front passenger seat of an auxiliary police vehicle preparing to write in his log book and waiting to be driven home when the vehicle was struck from behind by a police car causing the plaintiff to sustain serious personal injuries. The instant action was commenced on or about June 23, 1982, and issue was joined with service of an answer dated September 23,1982, which did not assert exclusive liability under the Workers’ Compensation Law as a defense. Thereafter, the plaintiff made a claim for Workers’ Compensation benefits, but the claim was denied in January 1986, because the plaintiff failed to appear before the Worker’s Compensation Board on two occasions.

By notice of motion dated October 10, 1992, the plaintiff moved for summary judgment on the issue of liability. The defendants opposed the motion, asserting that there was an issue of fact as to whether they were negligent, but without asserting the defense of the Workers’ Compensation Law. The plaintiff’s motion was granted by order dated January 15,1993. No appeal was taken from that order.

On May 26, 1993, the plaintiff was directed to file his certificate of readiness for the damages trial on or before July 26, 1993. The plaintiff complied, and the trial on damages was scheduled for November 29, 1993. The plaintiff appeared on that date with two expert witnesses but the defendants’ attorneys failed to appear, so trial was adjourned until December 13, 1993.

By order to show cause dated December 10, 1993, the defendants made the instant motion for leave to serve an amended answer to assert the defense of workers’ compensation, and for summary judgment based upon that defense. The defendants asserted that "the granting of the within motion would in no way be inconsistent with” the prior order dated January 15,1993, granting the plaintiff summary judgment on the issue of liability, because the "City of New York must be permitted to defend this action on the issue of damages”.

In the order appealed from, dated March 14, 1994, the court denied the defendants’ motion, ruling that its prior order dated January 15, 1993, finally disposed of the liability issue and, therefore, the defendants waived the workers’ compensation defense (see, Murray v City of New York, 43 NY2d 400, 407).

By order to show cause dated April 12, 1994, the defendants *686moved for renewal of the plaintiffs motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability, and for reargument of their motion for leave to serve an amended answer. That motion was denied by an order dated May 5, 1994. No appeal was taken from that order.

Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 provides that "[t]he liability of an employer prescribed by [the Workers’ Compensation Law] shall be exclusive and in place of any other liability whatsoever” (emphasis supplied). Thus, the workers’ compensation defense went to the issue of liability, not damages.

In Murray v City of New York (43 NY2d 400, 407, supra), the Court of Appeals held that the workers’ compensation defense may be waived "by a defendant ignoring the issue to the point of final disposition”. In the instant case, the defendants waited until after the final disposition of the liability issue to raise the workers’ compensation defense.

Where summary judgment has been granted as to liability, a defendant could, under certain circumstances, still raise the workers’ compensation defense in a motion to renew the motion for summary judgment (see, Leone v Columbia Sussex Corp., 203 AD2d 430). The defendants did move to renew the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment, but that branch of their motion was denied by order dated May 5, 1994, and no appeal was taken from that order. Since the defendants also failed to appeal from the original order granting the plaintiff summary judgment, they cannot seek review of the denial of renewal pursuant to CPLR 5517.

In any event, reconsideration of the liability issue at this juncture would be an improvident exercise of discretion because the defendants’ delay was so egregious as to constitute "an abuse of the procedure” (Girardin v Town of Hempstead, 209 AD2d 668).

Further, the defendants failed to establish, as a matter of law, that the plaintiff was "actually engaged in auxiliary police activities duly authorized by regulation or order” and therefore covered by Workers’ Compensation (see, Administrative Code of City of NY § 14-147 [b]). Resolution of this issue of fact at this juncture, some 13 years after the accident, could prove difficult. Therefore, the plaintiff could suffer "operative prejudice” if the defendants were permitted to assert the defense of the Workers’ Compensation Law at this late date (Murray v City of New York, 43 NY2d, supra, at 405).

Accordingly, I vote to affirm the order appealed from.