Strowman v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co.

Andidas, J.,

dissents in a memorandum as follows: I would affirm.

Generally, in the face of proof that the area in which plaintiff fell had been swept within five or ten minutes of the accident, evidence that the banana peel on which plaintiff allegedly slipped and fell was “crushed and dirty” would be insufficient, by itself, to show that defendant had constructive notice of a dangerous condition (see, Maiorano v Price Chopper Operating Co., 221 AD2d 698). However, we need not reach the sufficiency of plaintiffs prima facie case on this motion for summary judgment by defendant, which, as the proponent of a motion for summary judgment, “ ‘must make a prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to eliminate any material issues of fact from the case [citation omitted]’ ” (Colt v Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co., 209 AD2d 294, 295; cf, Van Steenburg v Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co., 235 AD2d 1001).

The deposition testimony and affidavits of defendants’ employees, who had no personal knowledge of the incident, and could not describe the cleaning schedule in place at the time of the incident or when the floor had last been cleaned, and thus could not definitively deny actual or constructive notice of the banana peel (cf., Hendricks v 691 Eighth Ave. Corp., 226 AD2d 192), fell short of meeting this standard.

I agree that in the face of testimony from similarly situated defendants’ employees that the area in question had been regularly cleaned or patrolled or that the area in question was clean shortly before the accident, as was the case in all the cases relied upon by the majority, plaintiff’s testimony regarding the condition of the banana peel in question would be insufficient to defeat defendant’s motion for summary judgment. Here, however, defendant has failed to produce any proof by a *387person with actual knowledge as to the condition of the scene of the accident on the day in question.

Plaintiff, in her bill of particulars, alleged that her fall took place on September 10, 1991, at approximately 11:00 a.m., and that this occurrence was reported to the manager of the store, “Charlie”. However, rather than producing “Charlie” for examination, defendant produced Mike Hunter, who testified at his deposition in 1996 that he had been permanently assigned as the co-manager of the store in question since December 1992. Prior to that he was a relief man who would go from store to store to let people take vacations or days off. He testified that he could not recall whether he was assigned to the subject store on the day of the accident; that, at the time of the accident, there were a manager and three co-managers, whom he named; that Charlie Bowen, who was the morning-shift co-manager at the time, was no longer with A&P; that he did not witness plaintiffs fall; and, that he had no first-hand information regarding the incident, having heard about it for the first time in January 1996, approximately a month before his deposition.

The only other witness produced by defendant, Cecilia Flores, testified that she was a cashier in the store in question; that she was working three days a week in 1991 but could not recall the specific hours; and, that she did not witness plaintiffs fall, having learned about it for the first time three weeks before her deposition. In her affidavit in support of defendant’s summary-judgment motion, Ms. Flores states that she has no knowledge as to whether she was working on the date of the alleged incident, although she was told that plaintiff noticed that she was a witness.

As stated by this Court in Colt v Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. (supra, 209 AD2d, at 295), “it was not plaintiffs burden in opposing the motion for summary judgment to demonstrate, as defendant urges, that the supermarket had actual or constructive notice of the unsafe condition * * * there is no authority for granting a motion for summary judgment dismissal merely because plaintiff has not established which specific piece of debris was the cause of plaintiffs injury, how long that item has been lying on the floor, the manner in which it came to be in the aisle and that the supermarket was aware that such debris was present but failed to remove it. Indeed, defendant would impose a standard for opposing a motion for summary judgment that is even more strict than the one generally applicable at trial where a jury is permitted, under appropriate circumstances, to draw inferences based upon the evidence.”

*388Gordon v American Museum of Natural History (67 NY2d 836) is not to the contrary. There, “[t]he record contain[ed] no evidence that anyone, including plaintiff, observed the piece of white paper prior to the accident. Nor did he describe the paper as being dirty or worn, which would have provided some indication that it had been present for some period of time (supra, at 838 [citation omitted, emphasis added]). Although constructive notice may be established by a showing of knowledge of a recurring condition (Colt v Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co., supra, at 295), a general awareness that litter or some other unsafe condition may be present is insufficient to place defendant on constructive notice (Gordon v American Museum of Natural History, supra, at 838). However, the absence of evidence of a recurring condition does not necessarily preclude a finding of constructive notice and the dangers to be reasonably anticipated measure the frequency of inspection and the intensity of the maintenance required (Cameron v Bohack Co., 27 AD2d 362, 365).

Based upon the described condition of the subject banana peel here, a finder of fact could possibly and reasonably infer that it had been on the floor at the entrance to the cashier’s lane for a sufficient length of time prior to plaintiffs fall to permit defendant’s employees to discover and remove it (Gordon v American Museum of Natural History, supra, at 837) .