■ The learned referee is correct when he states in his opinion, viz.: “ It is necessary, in order to take a case out of the statute of frauds on the ground of part performance of the contract; that the existence of the contract should be made out by clear and satisfactory proof, and that the aot of perfordinance is of the identical contract f and, also, in saying: “ The general language of the books is that part performance will not take a parol agreement out of the statute unless the terms of the agreement.distinctly appear or are made out to the satisfaction of the court.” (Parkhurst v. Van Cortlandt, 1 Johns. Ch., 284; Swartwout v. Burr, 1 Barb., 497; Purcell v. Miner, 4 Wall., 517.) And he might with great propriety have added, viz.: “ Contracts claimed to have been entered into with aged or infirm persons, to be enforced after death to the detriment and the disinheriting of lawful heirs, who otherwise would be enti
In Purcell v. Miner (4 Wall., 513, supra), Greer, J., says, “ a mere breach of a parol promise will not make a case for the interference of a chancellor,” and that proof of the contract which will take the case out of the statute “ must be clear, definite and conclusive, and must show a contract leaving no jus deliberandi or locus pomitentice. It cannot be made out by mere hearsay, or evidence of the declarations of a party to mere strangers to the trans-ad on, in chance conversation which the witness had no reason to recollect from interest in the subject matter, which may have been imperfectly heard or inaccurately remembered, perverted, or altogether fabricated; testimony, therefore, impossible to be contradicted. That a consideration has been paid or tendered;” and again, viz.: “Such a part performance of the contract that its rescission would be a fraud on the other party, and could not be
The appellant argues that the widow Almira Brown was not competent as a witness in behalf of the plaintiff to establish the alleged parol agreement made between her son and husband in March, 1871. We think the argument is unsound. First, although she may be said to be a person interested in the event within the provisions of section 829 of the Code of Civil Procedure, it cannot be said, while testifying in favor of the plaintiff in this action in support of his complaint, that she was testifying in her own behalf or interest. On the contrary, she was testifying against her interest. She had suffered a default in the action. The necessary effect of a judgment as against her was to pare down her rights from a life estate in the whole of the property to simply a life interest as doweress in one-third. By the terms of the will she was given the use of the real estate for life. If her son succeeds in this action, she, as well as the other defendants, is required to release and convey whatever interest she derived by the terms of the will as a life tenant to her son. We, therefore, think the referee committed no error in overruling the objection to her testimony, in so far as it supported the averments of the complaint, and in so far as it supports the findings made by the referee.
The case of Hunter v. Herrick (26 Hun, 272), cited by the appellant, is unlike this one. There it was held that the surviving members of a partnership were not competent to testify to personal transactions had with the deceased “ which tended to show that deceased was a member of the firm.” If their testimony had been received it would have brought in another person to share the losses and liabilities of the firm which otherwise they must sustain, and in that regard their testimony would directly inure to their own benefit.
On the other hand, if the agreement was that the son should support and take care of her during her life, in the event that she should survive her husband, then it is obvious that to allow her to testify to such an agreement would be to allow her to testify in her
The plaintiff was sworn in his own behalf, with a view of establishing that his acts and doings after March, 1871, were under the alleged agreement with his father, and had reference to it, and were in fulfillment of it. In endeavoring to support this branch of his case, he was allowed to testify to the manner in which the business was conducted between March, 1871, aud June, 1879, the work which was done on the farm, the repairs, the additions to the buildings, the exchange of works with his neighbors, the purchase of groceries for the use of the -family, which consisted of the father and mother and son, until within about three years of the death, when the son married and took his wife to live with his parents also; and after such facts had been detailed by him, from which it was asked that the referee should infer that there had been a change in the mode and manner of carrying on the farm and of transacting the business, and the details thereof had been stated at large, with a view of giving rise to the inference that the son had been fulfilling a contract, rather than continuing the relations theretofore existing between him and his father. After the defendant had, to a considerable extent, cross-examined in respect to the specific acts and doings of the son, the counsel for the defendant propounded the following question, viz.: “ Q. Had you, prior to the 1st of March, 1871, gone right on and done this work, and fur
There is no force in the objection taken on the motion for a non-suit' that the executor should have 'been made a party defendant, as there was no such defense in the answer. (Farwell v. Importers and Traders' Bank, 27 Alb. Law Jour., 173; Code, sec. 148; Fosgate v. Herkimer etc., Co., 12 N. Y., 580.) Besides, it is not apparent that this action would interfere with the rights of cred
For the error which we have pointed out we think a new trial should be granted.
Judgment reversed and new trial ordered before another referee, costs of this appeal to abide the final award of costs in the action.
So ordered.