This action was for tbe recovery of penalties under chapter 518 of tbe Laws of 1864, as amended by chapter 237 of tbe Laws of 1878. Tbe complaint sets forth separately twenty-three causes of action; tbe answer is a general denial. . Tbe case was tried at' tbe Jefferson Circuit, and upon tbe trial the plaintiff gave evidence tending to establish thirteen of the penalties. Tbe case was submitted to tbe jury and they rendered a'verdict in tbe following words, viz.: “ Tbe jury say they find a verdict for tbe plaintiff for two counts at fifty dollars each, amounting to one hundred'dollars.” Tbe clerk refused to tax defendant’s costs in tbe action, and thereupon be made a motion at Special Term to have tbe same allowed. Tbe court at Special Term ordered that tbe defendant recover costs against the plaintiff, and that such costs be taxed by tbe clerk. From such order this appeal is taken.
Tbe right of tbe defendant to recover costs depends upon tbe construction to be given to section 3234 of tbe Code. Tbe section is as follows: “ In an action specified in section 3228 of this act, wherein tbe complaint sets forth separately two or more causes of action upon which issues of fact áre joined, if tbe plaintiff recovers upon one or more of tbe issues, and the defendant upon tbe other or others, each party is entitled to costs against tbe adverse party, unless it is certified that tbe substantial cause of action was tbe same upon each issue, in which case tbe plaintiff only is entitled to costs.”
It is contended on tbe part of tbe respondent that tbe word recovers, as used in tbe section, is equivalent to and has tbe same meaning as tbe word succeeds; that tbe plaintiff having recovered upon tbe two counts, and the defendant having succeeded as to tbe other twenty-one counts, that be is entitled to costs. It becomes important to ascertain tbe legislative intent in reference to the enactment of this section. Tbe reviser in his notes says that this part of tbe section quoted has been taken from section 26, title 1, chapter 10, part 3 of tbe Revised Statutes, with some amendments which appear to be the logical effect of tbe changes in tbe rules of pleading made by tbe Code of Procedure; that tbe Court of Appeals, in tbe case of Watson v. Gardiner (50 N. Y., 671), bad, in substance, held that this section of the Revised Statutes was *226repealed by the Code of Procedure; that the repeal is deemed to have been a mistake and the section is'here restored.
Subdivision 2 of the section of the Revised Statutes (2 R. S., 616) referred to is as follows: “When there are two or more distinct causes of action in separate counts, the plaintiff shall recover costs on those issues which are found for him; and the defendant on those which are found in his favor.” It will be observed that there is a change in the phraseology in this, that the Code provides “that if the plaintiff recovers upon one or more issues, and the defendant upon the other or others, each party is entitled to costs,” etc. Whilst in the statute it is “ that the plaintiff shall recover on those issues which ar& found for him, and the defendent on those which are fovmd in his favorThe word “ recovers ” is substituted for the word “found” in the statute. We are not, however, satisfied that the change in the wording was intended to change the meaning of the rule that prevailed under the old statute. On the contrary it appears to us that the word recovers as used in the Code is intended to express and convey the same meaning that the word fovmd did in the statute. It thus becomes important to determine what the rule was when the statute was in force. Upon this question we have numerous reported cases. In the case of Johnson v. Fellows (6 Hill, 353) the action was in replevin; the declaration contained but one count. The jury found in favor of the plaintiff as to a part oí the property, and that the defendant was entitled to the residue, assessing the value of the property that the defendant was entitled to at twenty-four dollars. It was there held that the defendant was entitled to recover costs for the reason that there had ,been an express finding in his favor. In the case of Crittenden v. Crittenden (1 Hill, 359) the action was in ejectment; the declaration contained three counts. The jury found in favor of the plaintiff upon one of the counts and in favor of the defendant upon the other counts, and it was in that case held that the defendant was entitled to costs. In the case of the People v. Feeter (12 Wend., 480) there were several issues, and the plaintiff obtained judgment upon all the issues save one, which was found in favor of the defendant. That issue, not involving the merits, however, it was held that the defendant was not entitled to costs.
In the cáse of Briggs v. Allen (4 Hill, 538), which was an action *227for libel, tbe declaration contained five counts, the third relatingexclusively to the charge of malpractice. On the trial the plaintiffwaived all claim for damages on account of the third count. The plaintiff obtained a general verdict. It was held that inasmuch asno separate verdict was rendered for the defendant he was not entitled to costs.
It thus appears that under the statute the rule was that in order to entitle the defendant to recover costs there must be a verdict or finding in his favor upon one or more of the counts set forth in the declaration; that where there was a general verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and no separate verdict rendered for the defendant, he could not recover costs. Applying the same rule to the section of the Code under consideration it follows that there must be a separate and distinct recovery on the part of the defendant in order to entitle him to costs. In this case there was no such recovery. The plaintiff had a general verdict upon two counts of fifty dollars upon each, making $100 in all. The counts upon which the jury found in favor of the plaintiff are not specified. It is a general verdict in his favor to that extent.
Our conclusion is that the defendant is not entitled to costs, and that the order must be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.
Smith, P. J., and HaRdiN, J., concurred.So ordered.