The respondent in this action having presented as assignee, a claim for money loaned against the estate of one Aaron Yan Yalkenburg deceased, which estate was represented by the defendant, such claim was disputed and an order of reference was made to hear and determine the controversy between the parties. After a trial before him, the referee reported in favor of the respondent. The appellant clains that the referee erred in his rulings in respect to certain testimony offered on behalf of the respondent to support the claim presented by him. Under a stipulation made between the attorneys of the parties, the evidence of Mrs. Huldah Y. Y. Turrell the assignor of .the claim was taken out of court before a notary public, and was used upon the trial before the referee. This evidence was simply presented to the referee and considered as having been read in evidence. Among other questions asked of this witness, appearing in said deposition, was the following : Do you know whether your husband at any time, had a written acknowledgment of any indebtedness from Mr. Yan Yalkenburg to him? This question was objected to at the time of the taking of the deposition, as incompetent, and as involving a personal transaction with the deceased; which objection was overruled and an exception taken. This objection does not seem to be well taken. The witness might have seen such a paper in her husband’s possession, and upon proper proof of its loss could have testified as to its contents.. It may be that, at the time of .asking the question a proper foundation had not been, laid for the introduction of such parol proof, but no objection of this kind was taken. It in no sense involved a personal transaction between the witness and the deceased. It was evidence of a distinct fact, and did not at all necessarily involve any personal communication or transaction with the deceased. The answer of the witness was as follows: “ My husband had a written acknowledgment of indebtedness of fourteen thousand dollars from Mr. Yan Yalkenburg; I know this because, some time after my husband’s death, his brother, Henry Turrell, handed to me a paper, which he said contained an acknowledgement of fourteen thousand dollars which Mr. Yan Yalkenburg owed to my husband; Mr. Henry Turrell said that he and his sister, Mrs. Shaffer, who were the only next of kin of my husband, were willing that I should have this money for my own, and he formally *220presented Ms one-half interest in it to me at that time.” At a subsequent hearing before the referee, and before the reference was closed, a motion was made by the appellant to strike out all of the answer of the witness above quoted, commencing with the words “ I know this, because,” which motion was denied and exception taken. That this part of the answer was no evidence at all, and was clearly incompetent, requires no argument. Indeed, the referee so concluded, because in his report he expressly states that he disregarded this evidence, which he seems to think he had a right to do, because the evidence was taken in his absence on stipulations between the parties, and the objections of counsel and the rulings of the referee thereon were recorded fro forma. In this we think that the referee erred. ITis attention was directly called to this evidence, which had been taken in his absence, by a motion to strike it out, which motion was denied and an exception taken. This motion should have been granted, and, upon its refusal, the appellant had a right to rely upon the exception which had been taken to the refusal to grant his motion.
This testimony was very material and calculated to strongly effect the mind of the referee if he deemed the testimony competent, aud after having once ruled that it was competent, as he did when he denied the motion to strike out; in the absence of the parties and without notice, after the case had been submitted for decision and after, upon examination of the evidence, he had come to the conclusion that the evidence was not necessary to the plaintiff’s case, the referee had no power to deprive the appellant of an exception upon which he may have relied, by stating in his report that he had disregarded the objectionable evidence. Any other rule might deprive a party of a perfectly good cause of action or defense without an opportunity to be heard.
"Whatever may be the power of the court or referee during the progress of a trial as to striking out evidence wMch has been improperly admitted, no such right can exist after a cause has been submitted for decision unless it has been specially reserved.
The record of the evidence is closed with the submission of the case and cannot be thereafter altered except by the consent of the parties. It may be that in the case at bar the erroneous ruling of the referee made no difference in the defense offered by the *221appellant, but of tbis we cannot be certain, and even tbe séeming recognition of tbe right under discussion as possessed by either a court or referee would be so dangerous to suitors that in tbis instance it cannot pass unchallenged.
For tbe error above mentioned tbe order and judgment appealed from must be reversed, and a new trial of tbe controversy ordered before another referee, with costs to tbe appellant to abide tbe final event.
Brady and Daniels, JJ., concurred.’ Judgment reversed, new trial ordered before another referee costs to appellant to abide event.