NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 10-4242
___________
TONY LEE MUTSCHLER,
Appellant
v.
SCI ALBION CHCA HEALTH CARE;
RN. MS. SANDY MALENA
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civil Action No. 09-cv-00265)
Magistrate Judge: Honorable Susan Paradise Baxter
____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
September 26, 2011
Before: JORDAN, GARTH and BARRY, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: September 27, 2011)
___________
OPINION
___________
PER CURIAM
Tony Lee Mutschler, proceeding pro se, appeals from the District Court’s order
granting defendants’ motion to dismiss. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm in
part, vacate in part, and remand to the District Court for further proceedings.
I. Background
Mutschler, a prisoner at State Correctional Institution (“SCI”) Albion, filed a civil
rights complaint against Sandy Malena, a registered nurse at SCI Albion, and Maxine
Overton, Chief Healthcare Administrator. He alleged that defendants issued, or allowed
the issuance of a latex catheter, which defendants knew he was allergic to, and knew had
previously caused him pain and suffering.
Mutschler alleged that he informed the medical department of his latex allergy
when he arrived at SCI Albion and that his allergy was documented in his prison medical
file. In October 2008, however, Malena issued him a catheter containing latex. He used
the catheter overnight, which allegedly caused pain and blisters on his penis 1 that resulted
in scarring, erectile problems, undue stress, and depression about his sex life. Mutschler
filed a grievance and informed Overton about the incident. Overton informed Mutschler
that it would not happen again.
In March 2009, Malena again issued Mutschler a catheter containing latex, which
he used and experienced a burning sensation. He removed the catheter and did not
require medical attention. In April 2009, another nurse issued him a catheter containing
latex. Mutschler did not use the catheter when he realized the product contained latex
1
Mutschler’s grievance indicates that it took 60 days for the blisters to clear,
including treatment with Miconazole, an antifungal agent, for 30 days.
2
after reading the fine print on the packaging. 2
Mutschler filed a civil rights action against Malena and Overton, alleging
violations of his rights under the Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments, and Title II
of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”). Defendants filed a motion to dismiss,
which was granted. 3 Mutschler then filed a timely appeal.
II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review
We have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our review of a District
Court's order granting a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim is plenary. Phillips
v. Cnty. of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 230 (3d Cir. 2008). To survive a motion to dismiss,
a complaint must “plead[] factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
inference that the defendant[s are] liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
___ U.S. ___, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S.
544, 556 (2007)). We may affirm the District Court for any reason supported by the
record. United States v. Agnew, 407 F.3d 193, 196 (3d Cir. 2005)
III. Discussion
The District Court properly dismissed Mutschler’s claims under the Fifth and
Fourteenth Amendments, and ADA for failure to state a claim. However, the District
2
Mutschler filed a grievance each time he was given a latex catheter. Overton
considered his first grievance resolved because Mutschler filed the grievance to prevent
the mistake from occurring again. His subsequent grievances were rejected as previously
reviewed and addressed.
3
Mutschler then filed a Rule 59(e) motion, which was denied.
3
Court erred in dismissing Mutschler’s Eighth Amendment claim because his complaint
alleges facts that support a plausible claim of deliberate indifferent to his serious medical
needs.
A. Eighth Amendment Claim
The District Court concluded that Mutschler failed to allege facts that defendants
were deliberately indifferent to his medical needs. 4 The District Court reasoned that the
alleged facts would establish only that defendants acted negligently because Mutschler
did not claim that defendants deliberately exposed him to latex. We disagree.
For the delay or denial of medical care to rise to a violation of the Eighth
Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, a prisoner must
demonstrate (1) that defendants were deliberately indifferent to his medical needs, and
(2) that those needs were serious. Rouse v. Plantier, 182 F.3d 192, 197 (3d Cir. 1999).
Deliberate indifference requires proof that the official “knows of and disregards an
excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Natale v. Camden Cnty. Corr. Facility, 318
F.3d 575, 582 (3d Cir. 2003) (quoting Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994)).
Mere medical malpractice does not constitute deliberate indifference. Estelle v.
Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 105-06 (1976); Spruill v. Gillis, 372 F.3d 218, 235 (3d Cir. 2004).
Deference is given to prison medical authorities in the diagnosis and treatment of
patients. Inmates of Allegheny Cnty. Jail v. Pierce, 612 F.2d 754, 762 (3d Cir. 1979).
4
It is undisputed that Mutschler’s complaint adequately alleges that his latex allergy
is serious, as his penis allegedly suffered pain, blisters, and scarring.
4
Unless there is a reason to believe (or actual knowledge) that medical personnel are
mistreating or failing to treat the prisoner, a non-medical prison official, such as an
administrator, generally “will not be chargeable with the Eighth Amendment scienter
requirement of deliberate indifference.” See Spruill, 372 F.3d at 236.
An Eighth Amendment claim does not require that the defendants acted
intentionally to inflict pain. “[I]t is enough that the [prison] official acted or failed to act
despite [her] knowledge of a substantial risk of serious harm.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 842;
see Monmouth Cnty. Corr. Inst. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 346 (3d Cir. 1987)
(denial of medical treatment that exposes inmate to “the threat of tangible residual injury”
constitutes deliberate indifference) (internal citations omitted). We have found deliberate
indifference when a “prison official persists in a particular course of treatment ‘in the
face of resultant pain and risk of permanent injury. 5’” Rouse, 182 F.3d at 197 (quoting
White v. Napoleon, 897 F.2d 103, 109-11 (3d Cir. 1990)).
Mutschler’s allegations against defendants may entitle Mutschler to relief. Based
on the pleadings, it is plausible that Malena knew of Mutschler’s latex allergy based on
his medical file and the 2008 incident, and that Malena persisted on issuing him a
catheter she knew he was allergic to and knew had previously caused him pain, blistering,
and scarring on his penis. Additionally, Overton knew of Mutschler’s allergy and its
5
The Supreme Court has noted that deliberate indifference has been found where a
physician injected a prisoner with a medication that he had knew the prisoner was allergic
to, and refused to treat the allergic reaction. Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104 n.10 (citing Thomas
v. Pate, 493 F.2d 151, 158 (7th Cir. 1974)).
5
resultant pain and risk of permanent injury. Thus, the pleadings plausibly suggest that
Overton allowed the issuance of a latex catheter despite this knowledge. Mutschler,
therefore, made the bare showing to survive a motion to dismiss. See Napoleon, 897
F.2d at 109.
B. Fifth Amendment Claim
Mutschler’s District Court pleadings do not explain the basis of his Fifth
Amendment claim. The District Court dismissed the claim on the basis that the
provisions of the Fifth Amendment were not implicated by Mutschler’s complaint and
defendants are not federal actors. See Brown v. Philip Morris Inc., 250 F.3d 789, 800 (3d
Cir. 2001) (a cognizable Fifth Amendment claim requires defendants to be federal
actors).
Mutschler explains his “Fifth Amendment” claim on appeal. He claims that due to
his October 2008 latex reaction, he has erectile dysfunction and therefore defendants
have deprived him of his liberty interest in procreation. Because defendants are state
actors, this claim alleges a Fourteenth Amendment violation. Nevertheless, it fails to
state a claim. Although the Supreme Court has recognized a right to reproductive
freedom, see generally Planned Parenthood of Se. Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, 875-98
(1992), no court has extended the Fourteenth Amendment to encompass allegations such
as these. We decline to do so now.
C. Fourteenth Amendment Claim
Mutschler alleged a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
6
Amendment. His complaint, however, did not provide a basis of this claim. On appeal,
Mutschler explains his claim, asserting that those with higher intelligence than he were
treated more kindly than he and others without higher intelligence. Nevertheless, he does
not support this conclusory allegation with any facts. Therefore, this claim was properly
dismissed. See Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949 (mere conclusory statements do not state a cause
of action).
D. ADA Claim
Mutschler’s claim that defendants violated Title II of the ADA was properly
dismissed. To establish a violation of Title II of the ADA, an inmate must allege that: (1)
he is a qualified individual with a disability; (2) he was either excluded from participation
in or denied the benefits of some public entity's services, programs, or activities; and (3)
such exclusion, denial of benefits, or discrimination was by reason of his disability. See
42 U.S.C. § 12132. Mutschler’s complaint merely asserts that he is a qualified individual
with a disability because of his mental and medical impairments and that defendants
violated Title II of the ADA. Mutschler failed to allege any facts that demonstrate that
the alleged improper medical care he received was because of his disability. Therefore,
his ADA claim was properly dismissed. 6 See Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949.
For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s order to the extent
6
The District Court dismissed Mutschler’s ADA claim because it determined that
individuals are not liable under Title II of the ADA. This Court has yet to address
individual liability under Title II of the ADA, and we decline to do so now, as we have
concluded that Mutschler’s ADA claim fails for other reasons.
7
that it dismissed Mutschler’s claims under the Fifth Amendment, Fourteenth
Amendment, and ADA. We will vacate the order to the extent that it dismissed the
Eighth Amendment claims, and we will remand to the District Court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
8
GARTH, Circuit Judge, dissenting.
I cannot agree with the majority that the complaint meets our established standard
of standard of “deliberate indifference.” As the opinion of the Magistrate Judge recites,
Mutschler
“. . . does not allege that Defendant Malena deliberately
exposed him to latex on the two occasions at issue, and
his only specific allegation regarding Defendant Overton
is that she assured him after the first time he was exposed
to latex that it would not happen again. His allegations
against each defendant sound in negligence and do not rise
to an Eighth Amendment violation. Plaintiff does state in
his Amended Complaint that one of the defendants (he
could be referring to either Malena or Overton) ‘was
reckless and indifferent with her patient care and [his]
special medical need[.]’ [ECF No. 18 at p. 1]. This rote
allegation - which he made in his Amended Complaint in
response to Defendants’ contention that he was making a
claim of negligence only - does not save his Eighth
Amendment claim from dismissal.”
I would affirm the judgment dismissing the plaintiff’s amended complaint,
as I cannot conclude that he has alleged a constitutional violation.
1