The only question presented on this appeal is, whether the plaintiff, having filed a lien against the defendant as owner, and charging the contractor, Ward, as employer, for the amount of his claim, is estopped from proceeding against the defendant upon a separate contract made with him ?
-We have held, that filing a notice of a claim under the mechanics’ lien law of 1851, forms no bar to a distinct personal action against the owner or contractor, for the amount thereof. (Pollock v. Ehle, 2 E. D. Smith, 541; Maxey v. Larkin, ib. 540.) In the latter case, which was against the contractor, there was evidence of declarations by the plaintiff to the effect that he looked to the owner for his pay.
On principle, the case in hand is not distinguishable from the case of Pollock v. Ehle; but it may not be unnecessary to consider the question of estoppel involved.
An estoppel in pais consists, necessarily, of three elements: 1. An admission inconsistent with the evidence offered to be given, or the claim offered to be set up; 2. That the other party has acted on the admission; and 3. That he will be injured by allowing the truth of the admission to be disproved. (Carpenter v. Stilwell, 12 Barb. 128; Otis v. Sill, 8 ib. 102; Alexander v. Walter, 8 Grill, 239; Martin v. Angell, 7 Barb. 407.) The declaration made by the plaintiff in the notice of lien, that he was employed by the contractor, is not inconsistent with the allegation that he was employed also by the defendant. The testimony shows an employment by the contractor prior to the period when the defendant’s personal liability commenced, and there is no proof that the original engagement with the contractor had terminated.
There is no proof that the defendant acted upon the admission of the plaintiff, or that he has been injured by it.
The filing of the lien accomplished a security merely, and although it involves a fact, is in strictness the statement of a conclusion of law, and, as such, would never prejudice a right. (Brewster v. Silence, 2 Comst. 19.)
Whether a man has made an agreement or not, or whethei *759another js indebted to him or not, is a legal result, predicated on facts which must be proved to sustain it. It cannot be regarded as a judicial admission, because it was not made in court or on a. pleading; (see 1 Greenl. Ev. § 27, § 205;) but, like other admissions in writing which have not been acted upon, was pi’operly admitted to be weighed against the plaintiff’s credibility, or the justness of the claim prosecuted. (1 Greenl. Ev. § 212.)
In Holmes v. White, 1 Tyrwh. & Grang. 110, the party had sworn positively to matter of fact in his own knowledge, but it was held not to be conclusive in law against him, though deserving of much weight with the jury. It is well settled, that answers in chancery are admissible against the party, but do not seem to have been held strictly conclusive merely because sworn to. (See Bull N. P. 236, 237; 1 Stark. Ev. 284, and eases cited; 1 Greenl. Ev. in note, page 272.) Nor is a party estopped by his petition to the legislature praying that they would grant him certain land, from his setting up his title to such land. (Owen v. Bartholomew, 9 Pick. 520.) And a written acknowledgment that the party claiming as landlord “ has been put in complete and perfect possession of the land by the plaintiff,” and that the tenant “ considers himself tenant of such landlord,” does not estop the occupant from contesting the right of such claimant. (Norton v. Sanders, 7 J. J. Marsh. 12.) A plaintiff having caused the goods to be attached and returned as the property of the defendant, is not thereby estopped from showing that they were the property of another. (Loomis v. Green, 7 Greenl. 386.) Nor is a sheriff estopped by a levy and sale of property from denying the plaintiff’s rights to the proceeds of the sale, nor from showing that the property sold under the plaintiff’s execution was not the defendant’s, nor that it was not liable to such levy and sale. (Hopkins v. Chandler, 2 Harr. 299.)
It is true that the lien effected by the plaintiff remains a charge on the defendant’s estate for a year from the time of filing, and that some proceeding to remove it would be neces*760sary upon the payment of the judgment herein. It is not unlike, in that respect, an action on a bond secured by a mortgage, which might result in a judgment against the mortgagor, and which, with the mortgage, could be held pari passu together. The defendant, however, would not be remediless in such a case, and for that reason cannot be presumed to suffer, or to be exposed to injury. The same may be said in this case.
The justice having found in favor of the plaintiff on the question of fact, his finding is conclusive, the testimony being conflicting, and the judgment must be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.