Section 872 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as originally enacted, made no change in the law respecting the perpetuation of testimony, for that section was substantially a re-enactment of article 5, chapter 7, title 3, part 3 of the Revised Statutes. The construction of that article of the Revised Statutes was settled by the adjudications of the old supreme court, of the chancellor and of the present supreme court. It is not necessary to refer more par*155ticularly to the decisions for the amendment which was made, in 1879, to subdivision 6 of section 872, has so changed the law respecting the perpetuation of testimony that they no longer aid us in determining what allegations are requisite and necessary in an affidavit on which an application is made for the examination of witnesses where no action is pending. It is now necessary for the applicant to show to the judge by affidavit what the circumstances are which render it necessary for the protection of the applicant’s rights that the witness’ testimony should be perpetuated. This is a most important change in the law, for the Revised Statutes made no such requirement, it being settled that an affidavit was sufficient which contained the statements prescribed by section 34, 2 Revised Statutes, 398. In his preliminary note to chapter 9, article 1, title 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, Mr. Throop says that he has endeavored to throw “ some guards around the proceedings to examine a person expected to be made a party in order to close a door against abuses, which the original statute leaves open.” The guards which he speaks"of are the provision that the applicant shall set forth the circumstances which make it necessary to perpetuate the testimony. This leads us at once to inquire why it ever was necessary to perpetuate testimony. The answer is to be found in the decision of the court of chancery, for it was the necessity of the case which first led the court to entertain hills for the perpetuation of testimony. We find, on referring to the books, that it was deemed necessary to perpetuate testimony where a person interested in property was in danger of losing the evidence of his right before it could be judicially investigated. To prove that such danger existed it was incumbent on the complainant to allege that he had an interest, present or contingent, in the property, and that the defendant also had, or claimed to have, an interest. He was further boxmd to show that he was in danger of losing his witnesses by sickness, age, death or departure from the jurisdiction, or that his case rested upon the evidence of only one witness. Where he *156could at once bring a suit he was bound to show that it had been commenced. If no action was pending he was obliged to explain why' he was not able to maintain an action, the ordinary reasons being that the right of action belonged to the adverse party, or that the adverse party had raised some impediment—an injunction, for example, to an immediate trial in a court of law.
Note.—Where the defendant seeks to obtain an order for the examination of the plaintiff before the answer is served, his affidavit must show what his defense is, and that it is a good one, and also state what material facts he expects to prove hy the examination. It need not state that he intends to introduce the examination as evidence at the trial. This was held by judge Van Hoesen in two cases: Sham agt. Yarn, Rensselaer {ante, 143) and MeGoon agt. White {ante, 149). The judge said that a bill of discovery which stated the matters which he required in the affidavit would be good in substance, and no more need be set forth in the affidavit than was requisite in the bill of discovery. The formal parts of the affidavit, it was said, must conform to the requirements of section 873. The authorities cited by the judge were 3d volume Barbour’s Ohamcery Practice {pages 101-116); Williams agt. Harden (1 Barb. Oh, R., 398); Primmer agt. Patten (33 Itls., 538; Story’s Eg. Jur., sec. 1493, b). [Rep.*156The meaning of the amendment to subdivision 6 is, in my opinion, to require the applicant to show substantially the same state of facts which a bill to perpetuate testimony disclosed; and I hold that it is not necessary to perpetuate testimony for an action hereafter to be brought when no reason exists why the applicant should not forthwith bring his action. Where an action has been brought the adverse party may be examined under subdivision 5 of section 872, and all that the applicant need then show is that he has a good case and that he expects to prove all or some of the facts of his case by the adverse party. Of course the formal parts of the affidavit must contain the allegations mentioned in the first four subdivisions of the section. The affidavit of the applicant states that she intends to bring an action, but she does not show that any reason exists for her postponing the commencement of the litigation. If she does not know all the facts connected with her cause of action she may, after a summons has been served, obtain an order for the examination of the defendant that she may learn from him the details which she needs to know in order to frame her complaint. But as she can sue at once, if she chooses so to do, the person whom it is sought to examine ought not to be annoyed by going through an examination which may be the beginning and the end of the applicant’s proceedings.
The motion to dismiss the order for the examination will be granted; but as the question decided is a new one, no costs will be imposed.