Section 894 of the Code has made an innovation upon the former practice. It provides:
“ Where an issue of fact, joined in an action, is pending in either of the courts specified in the last section, the parties may stipulate, in writing, or the court, or judge thereof, may in its or his discretion, upon the application of either party, and upon satisfactory proof, by affidavit, that one or more witnesses not within the state, are material and necessary in the prosecution or defense of the action, make an order upon such terms as it or he deems proper, directing that an open commission issue or that deposition be taken as prescribed in the following sections of this article.”
This section gives a very large discretion to the judge to whom such an application is presented. While the exercise of such discretion may be the subject of an appeal, it ought not to be disturbed unless it is quite clear to the appellate *96court that the discretion was unwisely exercised. We do not think that is shown in this case. The nature of the action charging fraud was such that witnesses who might he entirely willing in an ordinary action ex contractu, would he unwilling where their testimony might be injurious to a friend.
While it is claimed, on the part of the appellants, that the business relations of all the witnesses alluded to but one, with the defendants’ firm have terminated, it may very well be that from a long business intercourse, supplemented by more or less of personal intercourse and friendship, the witnesses would not be disposed to go beyond the strict letter of their compulsory duty in giving testimony in aid of a stranger as against their friends. At any rate .there was enough in the suggestion to justify the judge at special term in deciding that this was a proper case for the issuing of an open commission.
Ho question was made upon the argument, or could have been made, as to the materiality of the witnesses. It was simply a question whether the witnesses should be examined by the somewhat clumsy methods of a sealed commission, with its interrogatories and cross-interrogatories, or an oral examination, such as is had of witnesses who present themselves in court. That the latter is the more reliable way in which to arrive at the truth all will agree.
There is not much force in the suggestion made that an open commission will tend to transfer the trial of this action to another state. That would be as true if a sealed rather than an open commission were to issue, and the question presented to the judge was whether that trial, or so much of it as it should be necessary to have in a foreign jurisdiction, should, under the circumstances, be conducted in one or another manner, as best calculated to elicit the truth. We do not think he erred in his judgment.
The order should be affirmed, with costs and disbursements.