Decedent was more than seventy years of age when she died, October 9, 1906, leaving as her only heirs -at law and next of kin three unmarried sisters, Phebe E. (since de*352ceased), Julia E. and Gertrude E. Tredwell, one brother, Samuel Lenox Tredwell (the sole contestant), a nephew and two nieces, children of one deceased sister, and another niece, Miss Elizabeth H. Nichols, a daughter of another deceased sister. This matter was tried by my predecessor, but he died before it was finally submitted. Pending the trial, and before the proponents Julia E. and Gertrude E. Tredwell were examined, he did express upon the record an opinion, in argument with counsel, that the factum of the will had been made out, and that no undue influence had been developed. After his death, the attorneys for the various parties appeared before me in open court and entered into a stipulation on December 29, 1907, to the effect that they had no further testimony to offer, and that the testimony and evidence taken before Surrogate Fitzgerald should be resubmitted with the same force and effect as if originally taken before me. Thereafter I carefully read all of the testimony so taken, and the attorneys for the respective parties summed up the matter before me, and afterward filed briefs upon the facts and law which I have examined. The propounded paper bears date and was executed July 1, 1874, more than thirty-two years before decedent’s death, and on the same day decedent’s sisters Phebe and Gertrude executed similar wills, and on the following day the sister Julia executed hers; each of the four instruments was mutual in its character to the extent of giving all the property to the three others or to such of them as should survive, 'and named the survivors as executors. None of the four sisters ever married, and they were, in July, 1874, all living together in the common ancestral home at No. 29 East Fourth street, where the two survivors still continue to reside. The will seems to- be a perfectly natural one, especially so when we consider that the two other sisters, in .the family were married, and that the contesting brother seems not to have been npon very good terms with his sisters, -and that he did not visit the decedent more than twice in the space of twenty years. The *353propounded paper was drafted by Effingham H. Nichols, a lawyer of repute and standing at this bar, who was a brother-in-law of these four sisters. It has a full attestation clause, and it was witnessed by three gentlemen, all of whom are now dead: William G. Sterling, also a lawyer of considerable reputation and eminence, and who-had law offices with Mr. Nichols at No. 9 Pine street; Mr. Thomas M. Souther, by whom the propounded paper was engrossed, secretary of the central branch of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and Mr. James H. Skid-more, a near neighbor of the Tredwell family. The proof was satisfactory both as to the subscription by the decedent and also as to the signatures of the three subscribing witnesses. Matter of Cottrell, 95 N. Y. 329. The wills of Phebe and Gertrude, executed the same day, have the same subscribing witnesses; that of Julia, which appears to have been executed on the following day, has another witness in place of Mr. Skidmore, otherwise the signatures are by same hands and the engrossing of all three instruments is also by the hand of Mr. Souther. As to the decedent’s capacity, she overtaxed her strength about 1872 while driving a span of horses. This affected her lower spine and limbs, and she was more or less a confirmed invalid afterward; but during and after the year 1882, almost up to the time of her death, she was able to go about, spent her summers in the country, made calls, received visitors, shopped and attended to her business affairs herself. She resided, while in New York, from about 1882 until she died, first at the Hotel Rossmore and afterward at the Barrett House, now the Hotel Cadillac, where she died. In August, 1906, she consulted Charles M. Cannon, respecting the preparation and execution by her of a certain trust agreement whereby she gave $10,000 par value of railway bonds to the Trust Company of America, as trustee, for the benefit of Miss Quinlan (her maid and companion for twenty-four years), with remainder to the three sisters, the beneficiaries here. This trust agreement was executed by her, and by her own check she *354paid Mr. Cannon for his services. At the same time she consulted him about a new will, “ asking various questions in reference to matters which would necessarily come to the mind of anybody making a will.” He advised her, and also informed her that he was departing from the city for a few weeks, and nothing more was done by him about it. After her death said Elizabeth H. ¡Nichols (daughter of Effingham H. ¡Nichols) brought to Mr. Cannon the propounded paper, and also a pencil memorandum written by the decedent herself and addressed in her own hand, “ W. & T. for Mr. Cannon ” (proponents’ ex.. D), which alone (but there is much other evidence to the same, effect) is convincing proof of the decedent’s testamentary capacity. It will be noted also that in this penciled memorandum,, which she evidently intended to have incorporated in a new will,, she gives the contestant but $500, while to said three sisters and the survivor (or, as she puts it, “ whether all three survive me or only two or one ”) she gives $15,000. I find that the decedent had testamentary capacity. Undue influence was not established by the contestant. The contestant’s counsel has a theory,, but to my mind no proof, of undue influence. Four mutual wills executed subtsantially at the same time are in themselves, almost an absolute presumption that no undue influence was exercised. Publicity is not a field where undue influence flourishes. Matter of Drake, 45 App. Div. 206; Matter of Nelson, 97 id. 212; Matter of Martin, 98 N. Y. 193. The contestant in this matter, pending the trial, demanded the production by the-proponents for examination among others of the proponents themselves and their sister, Phebe E. Tredwell, since deceased (whose will has also been contested before me by this same contestant). Phebe E. Tredwell was never examined. She was seriously ill when the examination took place. The proponents; were examined before an assistant to the surrogate (no objection having been made under section 829, Code of Civil Procedure), and the contestant proved by proponent Gertrude E. Tredwell' *355that she was in the room .and signed her will at 'the same time that the decedent subscribed hers, and she further testified: “ Do you remember anything that was said there ? A. Eo, there was nothing said, except signed the will, and my sisters signing their names — we signed our names. Q. Eothing was said by Sarah at that time? A. Eo. Q. Eothing said by any of you? A. Not that I remember/’ Upon this testimony contestant argues that the will was not published, and that the witnesses were not requested to sign pursuant to the statute; but the same witness testified, in answer to questions put to her by her counsel, that she did not remember anything that was said, but that she did remember Messrs. Sterling, Souther and Skidmore, and that they were present upon this occasion. It is not strange that this lady, over seventy years of age, fails to remember incidents which occurred thirty-two years ago, and I do not consider her testimony as such positive testimony or at all of such a character as would be sufficient or would tend to overthrow the presumption of the formal execution of the will which the cases allow us to deduce from an attestation clause in due and proper form. Matter of Oliver, 13 Misc. Rep. 466, and cases cited. In the case of Woolley v. Woolley, 95 N. Y. 231, the testimony was given within a year after the alleged codicil was executed, and was, as appears from the opinion, in its nature positive and exact, and Earle, J., in writing the opinion, said: “ This evidence was given within about a year after the alleged codicil was executed, and hence this case is not to be treated like one where an attempt is made -to prove a will after the lapse of a long time, when witnesses may not be able to testify fully to the statutory requirements from a failure of memory. In such a case a regular and full attestation clause, with very slight proof or confirmatory circumstances, may be held sufficient.” I conclude that the proof in this case is sufficient, and that the will should be admitted to probate. Present a decree and decision upon notice.
Probate decreed.