Barnhart v. State

Morschauser, J.

The claimants are the owners of a grist mill and certain rights in the waters of Ganargua creek, commonly called Mud creek, in the village of Palmyra, N. Y. The mill is commonly known as “Barnhart’s Mill.” The claimants also own certain easements, including riparian rights and water privileges in the creek, including hydraulic raceway, dam, pond and other appurtenances connected with the same. The claimants also have the right to dam said creek to hold back the waters in the pond connected with said mill. The rights of the water in the creek are owned and controlled by the claimants on the east and west of the Barge canal, and also the right to use a large portion of the waters of said creek with the right to impound the same and the perpetual right of.drawing and using said waters, including the free, unobstructed and uninterrupted use of the water in said creek under written conveyanees, and the claimants and their predecessors in title had used and exercised these rights for many years in connection with the operation of the said mill.

The state in constructing the Barge canal crossed the said creek and built its canal something like 1,500 feet above and west of the Barnhart mill and pond and necessarily in the construction of the canal cut through the said creek and absorbed the waters of the same and caused the waters of said creek at that point to flow into the canal. The state at the same time constructed a gate on the east side of the Barge canal, which could be raised and lowered so as to permit a certain amount of water to flow into the said creek and so on toward the pond connected with said mill and in this way the claimants were furnished water to operate their mill. During the construction of the canal the state furnished the claimants with electric power to run the mill free of charge to the claimants and continued to do so for a period of about two years when the Barge canal was completed. After the completion of the canal at this point the state ceased furnishing •such electric power, but had a gateway by which it furnished the claimants with water from time to time as the claimants needed it and discharged such water in said creek at the opposite side of the place where the waters of the creek entered such Barge canal. For many years before and after the construction of the canal it was at certain seasons of the year necessary for the claimants in the operation of their mill to use other than water power such as steam, gasoline engine or electricity. The mill was a small plant, the wheel having a head of about four and one-half feet and the dam being seven feet in height. The claimants are the owners of the mill and the land .surrounding it and had the right to impound the waters of the said creek for a distance of about two miles above the mill. The claimants never oivned the fee of the land through which the Barge canal passed and the state in building this Barge canal appropriated the land upon which it was built and took the waters of the said creek into said canal and placed a gateway as above mentioned on the opposite side at this point so that the claimants could operate the mill as above stated.

The claimants never filed any notice of intention Avith the clerk of the Court of Claims or Avith the attorney-general as required by section 264 of the Code, but filed a claim Avith the clerk Avithout the notice of intention as required by law and filed the same under the provisions of chapter 420 of the Laws of 1916, and in filing the claim the claimants asked for an award under the law governing appropriations as defined by section 4 of chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903, and the acts amendatory thereof (see Birdseye Consol. Laws, p. 885, § 4), and the claimants assert in their claim that in the building of the Barge canal the state interfered Avith the flow of the water of -the said creek and greatly diminished the amount of water that formerly flowed in said creek and emptied into the pond of said claimants, which water they assert they had the right to use by grants and conveyances to them previous to the construction of the Barge canal.

The state never filed a map or served notice on the claimants, or in any manner took any steps to appropriate the land or the water rights of the claimants, and at no time did the state engineer or the canal board do anything shoAving an intent to appropriate any of the claimants’ rights in the waters of said creek. On the trial herein the state asserts that the claimants had the benefit of the waters of a ten-mile level of the canal, which furnished the claimants Avith a much greater quantity of water than the two miles of pondage that existed before the canal interfered with the creek, and the state also asserts that the claimants could only file a claim for damages for interference and not a claim for an award under the provisions of section 4 and also chapter 300 of the Laws of 1916 for the payment of lands or waters appropriated by the state.

The claimants never having filed a notice of intention with the attorney-general and the clerk of the Court of Claims, as provided for by section 264 of the Code, but having only filed a claim with the clerk as provided for in chapter 420 of the Laws of 1916, cannot recover in this matter for any damages sustained by reason of the interference of their water rights in the said creek unless there was an appropriation by the state as provided by law.

Chapter 420 of the Laws of 1916, which waives the provision of law requiring the filing of a notice of intention with the attorney-general, only does so in cases where the state has appropriated lands or waters as provided for in chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903, and the acts amendatory thereof, and section 4, chapter 391 of the Laws of 1909, and the acts amendatory thereof, and section 8, chapter 496 of the Laws of 1911, apply only to a ease of an appropriation by the state. The claimants having filed their claim under the provisions of law providing for an award in cases of an appropriation by the state, could only recover in this matter if there had been an appropriation as defined by section 4, chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903, and the acts amendatory thereof.

We think that no appropriation by the state of any rights or interest of the claimants either in their lands or waters has been made and no facts have been established by the evidence indicating any intention on the part of the state to make such appropriations. It was held in the case of Noakes v. State of New York, 104 Misc. Rep. 276, and in the case of American Woolen Co. v. State of New York, 110 id. 413, in which cases the facts were similar to this case, that there was no appropriation by the state. Judge Cunningham in the Noakes case, in his opinion said, in discussing the statute: “ It is clear to us that the lands, structures, waters, franchises and rights, easements or other property mentioned, refers to lands, etc., of the claimant. It was not the intention of the legislature. to extend the privileges of the statute to all claims for damages, nor to claims for damages on account of the appropriation or use of property, not of the claimant, but which might, nevertheless, have damaged premises of the claimant. Nor was it intended to include claims for damages with which the appropriation or use of lands, etc., by the state is merely incidental, or remotely concerned or connected. To come within the remedial provisions of this statute, the damage to the claimant must be the proximate, physical and direct result of the appropriation or use by the state of land, etc., of the claimant. If he had no interest at the time in the land, etc., so appropriated, or so actually used by the state, this statute does not apply to his claim. This damage was not caused by the appropriation or use of any lands in which the claimants had an interest at the time.”

In the case of American Woolen Co. v. State of New York, where the state in building its Barge canal interfered with the claimants ’ water rights but in no way interfered with the physical possession or control of the claimants’ land or premises, Judge Aekerson, in a very long and able opinion, in construing chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903 and also section 4 of chapter 273 of the Laws of 1909, said: “It is apparent that if what was done by the state here amounts to an ‘ appropriation ’ it was not an ‘ appropriation ’ made ‘ as provided by chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903, and the acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto.’ Section 4 of this act, as amended by chapter 273 of the Laws of 1909, specifically provides the manner of appropriating lands, structures and waters for the use and purposes therein set forth. It is not contended by the claimant that any ‘ appropriation ’ of its property was made here under and in accordance with the provisions of that section as so amended. Not being an ‘ appropriation ’ claim, therefore, within the intent and meaning of chapter 147 of the Laws of 1903 and the acts amendatory thereof as in force on July 21,1909, it cannot be brought within the provisions of chapter 606 of the Laws of 1918.”

There never was any physical invasion of the claimants’ land or rights except that the state in constructing the Barge canal crossed the creek in which the claimants had the right of a riparian owner and the right of damming the waters of the creek and these rights the state did not appropriate, and when the state took the water of the creek into the Barge canal the state discharged an equal amount into the creek on the lower side, so that the claimants’ water was not taken and at most what the claimants did suffer was at times an interference with the flow of the water in the creek, and from the evidence in the case it appears that the ten-mile level of the Barge canal furnished as much, if not more, water to the claimants than they had before.

We think the case of Noakes v. State of New York and the case of American Woolen Co. v. State of New York, recently decided, establish that the acts of the state in this case were not an appropriation within the provisions of the statutes cited. Since claimants in their claim allege damages, and ask for an award for an appropriation by the state, when the claimants fail upon the trial to establish that the state appropriated any of the lands or waters, the claim of the claimants must be dismissed and the claimants, if they have in the past or will in the future sustain any damages by reason of the construction of the Barge canal, must file the claim for damages as provided for by section 264 of the Code, not only filing the notice of intention with the clerk of the Court of Claims and with the attorney-general, but also filing the claim as provided for by law.

The claim is, therefore, dismissed.

Smith, J., concurs.

Claim dismissed.