Case: 10-11117 Document: 00511677286 Page: 1 Date Filed: 11/28/2011
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
November 28, 2011
No. 10-11117
Summary Calendar Lyle W. Cayce
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee
v.
CEDRIC LAMONTE GRAY, also known as C-Nile,
Defendant-Appellant
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Texas
USDC No. 7:06-CR-7-1
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DAVIS, and ELROD, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Cedric Lamonte Gray pleaded guilty in 2007 to distributing five grams or
more of a mixture containing a detectable amount of cocaine base, also known
as “crack cocaine,” in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(B)(iii) (2007). The
district court sentenced Gray to 188 months in prison, which was at the bottom
of his advisory guidelines range of 188 to 235 months in prison and below his
maximum statutory sentence of 40 years in prison. In 2008, the district court
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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No. 10-11117
granted Gray’s 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion, permitting him to file an out-of-time
appeal.
Gray’s appellate arguments are based on the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
(“FSA”), which became effective more than three years after Gray was sentenced
and which reduced the statutory penalties for certain crack cocaine offenses, and
the Sentencing Commission’s temporary, emergency amendment to § 2D1.1 of
the Sentencing Guidelines, effective November 1, 2010,1 which implemented the
emergency directive in section 8 of the FSA.2 The emergency amendment has
since been re-promulgated as a permanent amendment and made retroactive,
effective November 1, 2011.3 Gray argues that under the amendment, his
advisory guidelines range of imprisonment would be 110 to 137 months. He thus
asks us to vacate his sentence and remand his case for re-sentencing so that he
may received a reduced sentence. He alternatively asks us to hold that he will
not be prevented from later filing a motion to reduce his sentence pursuant to
18 U.S.C § 3582(c)(2). The Government contends that it is entitled to a dismissal
because Gray’s appeal is barred by the appeal waiver in his written plea
agreement. The Government alternatively contends that it is entitled to
summary affirmance because the amendment will substantively change the
Sentencing Guidelines. The Government alternatively moves for an extension
of time to file a brief.
We agree with the Government that Gray’s appeal is barred by the waiver
of appeal rights in his plea agreement. The waiver states:
Gray waives his rights, conferred by 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C.
§ 3742, to appeal from his conviction and sentence. He further
1
See U.S. SENTENCING GUIDELINES MANUAL app. C (Vol. III), Amendment 748, pp. 381-
82 (2011).
2
Pub. L. 111–220, 124 Stat. 2372 (2010).
3
See U.S. SENTENCING GUIDELINES MANUAL app. C (Vol. III), Amendments 750 & 759,
pp. 391-98, 415-421 (2011).
2
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No. 10-11117
waives his right to contest his conviction and sentence in any
collateral proceeding, including proceedings under 28 U.S.C. § 2241
and 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Gray, however, reserves the rights (a) to
bring a direct appeal of (i) a sentence exceeding the statutory
maximum punishment, or (ii) an arithmetic error at sentencing, (b)
to challenge the voluntariness of his plea of guilty or this waiver,
and (c) to bring a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.4
This court reviews the validity of an appeal waiver de novo.5 A defendant
may waive his or her appeal rights “‘provided (1) his or her waiver is knowing
and voluntary, and (2) the waiver applies to the circumstances at hand, based
on the plain language of the agreement.’”6 Gray does not argue that his waiver
of appeal rights was unknowing or involuntary. Nor does Gray argue directly
that the waiver of appeal rights does not apply to the circumstances at hand.
Gray suggests that he “[has] an arguable issue in this appeal concerning the
retroactivity of the November 1, 2010 emergency guideline amendment,”7 but he
does not explain how that circumstance fits into one of the four exceptions to the
waiver of appeal rights in his plea agreement, or why this court should conclude
that the waiver was not meant to apply to that circumstance.
While this court must “construe appeal waivers narrowly, and against the
government,”8 there is no basis to conclude that the waiver is inapplicable in this
case. Because Gray’s sentence did not exceed the statutory maximum and was
not based on an arithmetic error, and because he challenges neither the
4
R. 1, 43.
5
United States v. Baymon, 312 F.3d 725, 727 (5th Cir. 2002).
6
United States v. Jacobs, 635 F.3d 778, 781 (5th Cir. 2011) (quoting United States v.
Palmer, 456 F.3d 484, 488 (5th Cir. 2006)).
7
Id.
8
Palmer, 456 F.3d at 488.
3
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No. 10-11117
voluntariness of his plea nor the effectiveness of his counsel, his waiver of appeal
rights bars the instant challenge to his sentence.
The Government’s motion to dismiss Gray’s appeal is GRANTED IN
PART. The appeal is DISMISSED, without prejudice to Gray filing a motion for
relief in the district court under 18 U.S.C § 3582(c)(2).
4