FILED
APR 10 2012
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S . CO U RT OF AP PE A LS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 10-50304
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. 2:10-cr-0056-RGK-1
Central District of California,
v. Los Angeles
GUILLERMO ELOY ALAMOS,
ORDER
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: PREGERSON and D.W. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and LYNN, District
Judge.*
Appellant's motion for leave to file reply to opposition to petition for panel
rehearing is DENIED.
Appellant's Petition for Panel Rehearing is GRANTED. The memorandum
disposition filed January 19, 2012 is withdrawn. A new Memorandum Disposition
shall be filed simultaneously with this order.
*
The Honorable Barbara M. G. Lynn, District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for Northern Texas, Dallas, sitting by designation.
FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION APR 10 2012
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S . CO U RT OF AP PE A LS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 10-50304
Plaintiff - Appellee, D.C. No. 2:10-CR-0056-RGK-1
v.
MEMORANDUM *
GUILLERMO ELOY ALAMOS,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
R. Gary Klausner, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 11, 2011
Pasadena, California
Before: PREGERSON and D.W. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and LYNN, District
Judge.**
Guillermo Eloy Alamos appeals his conviction and the district court's denial
of his motions to substitute counsel. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. y
1291.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The Honorable Barbara M. G. Lynn, District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for Northern Texas, Dallas, sitting by designation.
A district court's denial of a motion to substitute counsel is reviewed for
abuse of discretion. United States v. Lindsey, 634 F. 3d 541, 554 (9th Cir. 2011).
When reviewing whether a district court abused its discretion in denying a motion
to substitute counsel, we consider three factors: (1) the adequacy of the inquiry into
the defendant's complaint, (2) the extent of the conflict between the defendant and
trial counsel, and (3) the timeliness of the motion and the extent of resulting
inconvenience and delay. United States v. McKenna, 327 F.3d 830, 843 (9th Cir.
2003).
For an inquiry regarding a motion to substitute counsel to be sufficient, 'the
trial court should question the attorney or defendant 'privately and in depth.''
United States v. Nguyen, 262 F.3d 998, 1004 (9th Cir. 2001) (quoting United States
v. Moore, 159 F.3d 1154, 1160 (9th Cir. 1998)). Further, the district court 'must
conduct such necessary inquiry as might ease the defendant's dissatisfaction,
distrust, and concern. . . . and give the court a sufficient basis for reaching an
informed decision.' United States v. Reyes-Bosque, 596 F.3d 1017, 1033 (9th Cir.
2010) (citations omitted).
Here, the district court conducted two hearings in response to Alamos's
requests to substitute trial counsel. The trial court did not conduct during either
hearing an inquiry that provided a sufficient basis for it to reach an informed
2
decision. Despite Alamos stating that counsel was lying to him and that he and
counsel lacµed communication and were not getting along, the district court did not
inquire as to what Alamos meant by these statements and did not asµ any specific
questions about the nature of Alamos's concerns. Rather, the district court
explained to Alamos the obligations and role of his attorney and the Assistant
United States Attorney, and then assumed, but did not confirm, that the conflict
was only a result of Alamos wanting a better deal than the 'fast tracµ' offer that he
rejected. Cf. United States v. Prime, 431 F.3d 1147, 1155 (9th Cir. 2005) (finding
adequate inquiry where district court confirmed the extent of the conflict by asµing
defendant if he agreed with the court's summary of his position).
It does not suffice that at the second hearing the district court asµed Alamos
'[W]hy don't you tell me what happened since the last time we metá' and '[W]hat
would you liµe to have [your attorney] tell youá' because such open-ended
questions maµe it difficult to ascertain the extent of the conflict and place an unfair
onus on the defendant. See United States v. Adelzo-Gonzalez, 268 F.3d 772,
777-78 (9th Cir. 2001) (finding 'in most circumstances a court can only ascertain
the extent of a breaµdown in communication by asµing specific and targeted
questions'). As to the single question Alamos asµed his own counsel, 'Am I right,
3
Johná Did you say that to meá' counsel curiously invoµed the attorney-client
privilege against his own client, and the court did not follow-up.
Accordingly, we find that the district court did not sufficiently inquire into
Alamos's concerns, and the lacµ of inquiry maµes it impossible to discern the
extent of the conflict between Alamos and his counsel. Since Alamos sought to
substitute appointed counsel, the denial of his substitution motion did not violate
his Sixth Amendment right to counsel unless the conflict actually prevented an
adequate defense. See Schell v. Witeµ, 218 F.3d 1017, 1026 (9th Cir. 2000) (en
banc). As a result, we remand to the district court for a hearing on the extent of the
conflict between Alamos and his counsel. See United States v. Musa, 220 F.3d
1096, 1103 (9th Cir. 2000). If the district court finds that the conflict resulted in a
constructive denial of counsel or actually prejudiced Alamos at trial or at
sentencing, it shall vacate Alamos's conviction and sentence, order a new trial, and
appoint new counsel; if not, then Alamos may appeal the district court's ruling
following the conclusion of the remand proceedings.
We REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this disposition.
4