The opinion of the court was delivered by
Smith, J.George Pennock, deceased, in his lifetime obtained, on the 5th oí December, 1798, a judgment in the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming county, for one hundred and thirty-nine pounds twelve shillings and nine and a half pence, with interest from the 12th of Jlpril, 1798. A Fieri Facias was issued thereon, returnable to the September Term, 1799, and was returned “nulla bona.” An Mias Fieri Facias issued to February Term, 1800, to which the sheriff, on the 12th of February, 1806, returned “ nulla bona.” To the September Term, 1805, a Pluries Fieri Facias was issued, and levied on three hundred acres of land in Bald Eagle, belonging to the defendants. This land was after-wards sold by the sheriff on another judgment; but before the money was appropriated to the creditors of the defendants, the latter moved the court, that the judgment of George Pennock's executor, of the 5th of December, 1798, above-mentioned, be opened, so far as to let them plead and try what sum, if any, was due to the plaintiff in that judgment. On the 3d of September, 1825, the court granted this motion. The defendants pleaded payment with leave, &c. Re*421plication, non solverunt, issue and rule for trial. The trial came on in December, 1825, and a verdict was found for the plaintiff for two hundred dollars and ninety-one cents, upon which judgment was rendered by the court. On this trial, the plaintiff proceeded to give in evidence his judgment.of the 5th of December, 1798, and the first two writs of Fieri Facias, above-mentioned, with the sheriff’s returns thereon, and rested.
The defendants then offered in evidence a judgment of Johnson against Griffith Carr and George Carr, September Term, 1798, for one hundred and nine pounds nineteen shillings and four-pence, together with a Fieri Facias issued thereon, returnable to December Term, 1799, and returned “levied on grain in the stack subject to former levies;”—an Alias Fieri Facias to December Term, 1800, returned, “ levied on three stacks of wheat, and one yoke of oxen; the oxen subject to former levies;”—a Venditioni Exponas to February Term, 1801, returned, “ sold' to the amount of sixty-six dollars,” returned February, 1806;—an Alias Venditioni Exponas to May Term, 1801, returned, “ sold, and proceeds appropriated to prior levies;’.’-—a Fieri Facias to February Term, -1805, pro residuo, returned, “ levied on two horses;”—a Venditioni Exponas to April Term', 1805, to which there was no return;—an Alias Venditioni Exponas to December Term, 1805, returned, “sold to the amount of forty-seven dollars ;”—a Capias ad Satisfaciendum to February Term, 1806, returned, “C. C;”—and also, thé following receipts, admitted to be in the hand-writing of J. Cummings, sheriff, viz. Receipt, 21st of January, 180.1, oí John Cummings, sheriff, for sixty-nine dollars, for three horses to William Martin, purchased by him as the property of G. and G. Carr.—Receipt of the 23d of of June, 1801; same to John Fleming, Esq. for one hundred and thirty-one dollars, in full of the purchase of a mare, sold as the property of the same.—Receipt of the same date; same to Jesse Hunt for twenty-five dollars, in part of two horses, property of the same. Receipt of the 2d of February, 1801; same to sainé, for fifty-three dollars and fifty cents, in full for his purchase of Carr’s property. —Receipt of the 7th of May, 1801; same to M‘Laughlin for sixty-six dollars for property of Carr’s, at sheriff’s sale; and also, a receipt of the 8th of May, 1800, in the receipt book C.' of J. Cummings, of Charles Hall, for three pounds, being the amount of attorney’s fees in this case.'
The above were offered by the defendants, in order to show, that while the aforesaid Fieri Facias of George Pennock against Griffith Carr and George Carr, to the February Term, 1800, lay in the hands of the sheriff, and when there was no other Fieri Facias in his hands, several executions were put into the sheriff’s hands, on which levies were made, subject to former levies; that the property on writs of Venditioni-Exponas in the several cases, was sold and returned as applied to prior levies; that there was no prior levy, *422unless one had been made on Pennock’s Fieri Facias of February , 1800; and, further, on the return of “ so'ld, and proceeds appropriated to prior levies,” made on No. 9, of February, 1801, and No. 27, of May Term, 1801, to prove by the said receipts of sheriff Cummings to persons who purchased at said sales, that the property sold amounted to above three,hundred and forty dollars; and further to show, by the receipt of Charles Hall, Esq., above stated, the payment of his,fees in this case.
. To this evidence the plaintiff objected, but the court admitted it, and sealed a bill of exceptions. Other evidence was afterwards given by the defendants; a second bill of exceptions was sealed, and various errors have been assigned as existing in the charge of the President; but, in the discussion before this court, two errors only Lave been insisted on. Of these, the first, was the admission of the evidence contained in the foregoing offer.
1. The ancient mode of relief against unjust and oppressive proceedings upon a legal and regular judgment, was by the writ of Jludiia Querela, which seems (says Blackstone, 3 Com. 406,) to •have been invented, lest in any case there should be a defect of justice, where a party who has a good defence, is too late to make it in the ordinary forms of law. It lay wherever a defendant had paid the debt to the plaintiff without procuring satisfaction to be entered on the record, or has matter of fact or in writing, to avoid the execution, and no other means to take advantage of it. 1 Com. Dig. Aud. Quer. A 647. In such cases, the defendant was aided by this writ, which, in the nature of a bill in equity, lay upon good matter of discharge occurring since the judgment, to relieve him against the oppression of the plaintiff. The modern practice of granting relief upon motion, has been found to be more convenient, and has accordingly superseded the writ of Jludita Querela; being adopted in all cases, where the defendant would have been entitled to relief upon that writ. We consider the present case as presenting a proper occasion for the interposition of the court below; and the direction of that court, in referring the question of what, if any thing was due, to the decision of a jury, as entirely unexceptionable. This offer of the defendants was admissible for the purposes stated. However conclusive the sheriff’s return may be in an action against him, or in an action between third persons, where the return is regular, (and we are far from thinking, that the authority of this official act should in those instances be diminished,) it would be attended with great oppression, to give the same weight to the loose and irregular retards which are often made by that officer. The intention of the law is, that the writ of execution should be returned to the next term—such is the exigence of the writ itself, and the sheriff ought not to neglect it. But the practice is, in most counties, exceedingly lax in this respect. In many cases, the writ is not returned at all; in others, not until the lapse of years after its exit, when the sheriff, considering the matter as settled, or forgetting the real transaction, *423endorses a return pro form,a. In the case before us, the Alias Fieri Facias, No. 14, to February Term, 1800, was retained in the sheriff’s hands for six years, and then returned nulla bona. Upon the strength of such a return, the court were asked to exclude the evidence .offered by the defendants, going to show, that whilst that writ remained in the sheriff’s hands, he sold their property and applied the proceeds towards the payment of the plaintiff’s judgment. In Weidman v. Weitzel, 13 Serg, & Rawle, 96, this court determined, that a sheriff’s return to a Fieri Facias, made two years after the proper time, and one year after a suit brought, in which its effect, was material, was unworthy the name of a regular legal return,,by which'the party should be concluded.
We-think the decision of the Court of Common Pleas upon this offer was correct, and, therefore, the first assignment of error is not sustained. •
2. Among the points presented to the court, to which their answers were requested, was the following:—■
“4th point.—Whether the indirect-evidence given by the defendants, of proceedings in other judgments, afforded any legal presumption, that any of the debt or damages had been paid to the plaintiff, in opposition to the direct and positive evidence of the judgment and proceedings in this case?”
To which, the court gave in charge to the jury the following answer:—
“4th answer.—It is evidence of the property of Carr’s being sold,.which might be appropriated towards Pennock’s execution; it being prior to the execution of Ibe Johnsons, does form a strong presumption of payment, and sheriff Cummings, who held these executions, states, in his evidence, that it is his impression, that he paid money to -the attorney of Pennock on account of that judgment, but that he is not certain.”
This answer 'constitutes'the other error on which the plaintiff insists that the judgment should be reversed. ,
The court having properly admitted the evidence, had passed it to the jury, that they might ascertain its force; it was peculiarly the province of the latter, to determine the question submitted in this fourth'point; provided,.the words “any. legal presumption” be taken in that sense, in which alone it was proper to use them, after the admission of the evidence referred to, (that is to say, in the sense of “ any presumption, or proof;”) and in which the court appear to have understood them. The court may, with propriety, give their opinion to the jury upon a question of fact; nor will this court reverse for error in such opinion, unless it clearly appear that the jury were thereby precluded from deciding for themselves. Riddle v. Murphy, 7 Serg. & Rawle, 230. . The' same remark is applicable to the opinion of the court on the weight .of testimony. But the plaintiff haying requested their opinion, *424cannot complain that the court proceeded to give it; and,' from an examination of the evidence, as it appears in this record, we can discern nothing wrong or erroneous in their estimate of its value in their answer,, which they submitted to the jury in reply to his proposition. We are, therefore, of opinion, that the plaintiff has also failed to sustain this assignment of error, and that the judgment should be affirmed. ' . -
Judgment affirmed.