The court cannot distinguish this case from that of Buckland v. Conway, 16 Mass. 396. In that case, the parties submitted to referees the question, whether a pauper, who dxrelt and had his home in the town of Conway, acquired a settlement there, under St. 1793, c. 34, § 2, by having an estate there of the clear yearly income of three pounds, and taking the rents and profits thereof three years successively. The award was, that the defendants should recover against the plaintiffs the costs of the reference and the costs of court. And it was decided *419that, by necessary implication, the award must be considered as a determination upon the question; that the referees could not have awarded that the defendants should recover the costs of the action, without having decided the point in controversy in their favor; at least, that the legal presumption was, that the refsrees so determined. See also Hartnell v. Hill, Forrest, 73.
In the case before us, the question submitted to the referees was, whether the plaintiff was entitled to recover damages of the defendant for obstructing a watercourse. The award was, that each party should pay his own costs, and that the defendants should pay to the plaintiff a part of the fees of the referees. Probably the plaintiff had paid the referees. If not, they looked to him for their fees, and discharged the defendant from any claim therefor on him. And the necessary implication from the award is, as it was in Buckland v. Conway, that the referees determined the question submitted to them in the defendant’s favor. The legal presumption is, that they could not have made this award, without having decided that the plaintiff had not maintained the action submitted to their determination.
The principle which we apply to this case is applied to verdicts. In Hodges v. Raymond, 9 Mass. 316, a general verdict of not guilty was held sufficient in an action of trespass, where the defendant pleaded not guilty as to part of the charge, and a justification as to the residue, although the verdict did not, in terms, decide the issue on the second plea; the court saying that the jury could not have found the defendant not guilty, if he had failed in proving his justification. A like decision was made in Hawks v. Crofton, 2 Bur. 698, where, on similar pleadings, a general verdict of guilty was held sufficient, because the jury could not have thus found, unless the defendant had failed to prove his justification.
Judgment on the award.