1. The defendants contend that the liability of the company to pay the tax was not a debt, within the meaning of the statute, at the time when the certificate was filed. But we think it must be so considered. An action of contract to recover a tax lies, after one year’s neglect to pay the same, in like manner as for an individual debt. Pub. Sts. c. 12, § 20. The sum was certain, the obligation to pay was created by law, and the liability to pay was a debt. See Gray v. Bennett, 3 Met. 522, 526; Bowen v. Hoxie, 137 Mass. 527, 531. It is not like a case where there is a mere liability for a wrong- done, which liability has not been converted into a judgment. Child v. Boston & Fairhaven Iron Works, 137 Mass. 516.
2. The ground of defence principally relied on is, that the statute does not make the officers liable for debts incurred before the filing of the false certificate. And no doubt one important reason, perhaps the principal reason, for the statutory provisions is to enable persons who may have occasion to deal with corporations to ascertain their condition, and their title to credit, so that a person whose debt already exists at the time of the filing of the certificate certainly has not by any false statement contained therein been misled into giving credit to the corporation, and may not in any way be injured thereby. But in imposing the penalty of liability for its debts and contracts, the statute is not limited to such debts and contracts as were created in favor of persons who had examined and been misled by the false certificate, as it should be if the idea of the defendant were followed out. It is not even limited to debts and contracts which came into existence after the filing of the certificate. But it is general in its terms, and provides that the officers who knowingly make the false certificate “ shall be jointly and severally liable for its debts and contracts.” Pub. Sts. c. 106, § 60. The natural construction of this language includes existing debts *228and contracts, and we find nothing elsewhere sufficient to show that the Legislature meant otherwise. The earlier statute provided that the officers should be liable for all the debts of the company contracted while they were stockholders or officers thereof. Gen. Sts. c. 60, § 30. The omission of this specification in the St. of 1870, c. 224, § 38, and in the Pub. Sts. c. 106, § 60, does not have the effect to limit the liability to future debts.
The result is, that the demurrer should have been overruled.
Decree reversed, and demurrer overruled.