At the hearing upon the writ of habeas corpus which was issued in this ease, it appeared that the prisoner was confined in jail under an execution issued upon a judgment in an action at law.
The original execution was duly issued with the usual direction to the officer, in the alternative, to cause payment of the amount named to be made from the goods, chattels or lands of the debtor, and for want thereof, to take his body. An application was made to the District Court of Northern Norfolk for a certificate authorizing the arrest of the debtor, and notice was duly given him to appear for examination on the charge that he had property not exempt from attachment, which he did not intend to apply to the payment of the plaintiff’s claim. See *573R. L. c. 168, § 18. On his appearance, after hearing, the court made an order that he assign property to the judgment creditor, with which order he failed to comply, whereupon a certificate of these facts, with the affidavit in behalf of the judgment creditor required by R. L. c. 168, § 17, and a certificate of the judge that he believed the charges contained in the affidavit to be true, were annexed to the execution. The petitioner then was arrested and taken before a court, where he entered into a recognizance to appear and take the oath for the relief of poor debtors. See R. L. c. 168, § 30. The officer made the usual return that he arrested the debtor and had him before the justice of the District Court. All these proceedings appear to have been regular.
The petitioner protested that they could not go on because his real estate was attached on mesne process in the action in which the execution was issued. But the plaintiff was not obliged to avail himself of this attachment. He had alternative remedies, between which he could make an election. Hoar v. Tilden, 178 Mass. 157, 160, 161. Two days afterwards, the officer, without the direction or authority of the judgment creditor, proceeded to levy upon the real estate and to give notice of the levy under the statute. On the following day, by the direction of the creditor’s attorney, the levy was abandoned.
There is much ground for contending that this levy would have been void from the beginning if authorized by the judgment creditor, inasmuch as the execution had been served previously by an arrest of the debtor, and he was then under a recognizance which, for the time, stood in the place of the execution for the benefit of the creditor. Hoar v. Tilden, 178 Mass. 161. Kellogg v. Underwood, 163 Mass. 214. Thomson v. Sleeper, 168 Mass. 373. However that may be, a levy made under these circumstances, without the authority of the judgment creditor, was voidable by him, and could not affect his rights under an arrest which had been made previously. If the officer, instead of then returning the execution to court and procuring an alias execution as he did, had held it to await the result of the proceedings under the recognizance, the judge would have put upon it a certificate refusing the oath, and the arrest could have been resumed under it and the petitioner legally committed to jail.
*574That this would have been the regular course of procedure is shown by the decisions in Ruberg, petitioner, 166 Mass. 33, and Morgan v. Curley, 142 Mass. 107,109. By the express terms of the statute, the certificate authorizing an original arrest after an examination of the creditor may be annexed to the original, or an alias or other successive execution. R. L. c. 168, § 20. But after an arrest upon an execution has once been made and a recognizance taken, no alias execution authorizing an arrest can be issued. “ The execution is functus officio. The recognizance stands in its place as the security to the creditor, and his only remedy is by suit thereon.” Morgan v. Curley, 142 Mass. 107, 109. An alias execution subsequently issued, if satisfaction is not obtained on the first, can legally run against goods and estate only. Thompson v. Sleeper, 168 Mass. 373, and cases cited. Kellogg v. Underwood, 163 Mass. 214. In this case the return upon the first execution set forth an arrest of the debtor, with nothing to show what proceedings followed, and also a later levy upon real estate, which was abandoned. It is at least a grave question whether, upon this return, an alias execution of any kind could be issued legally. But it is quite certain that upon this return without more, an alias execution could not run against the body of the defendant. The subsequent arrest and commitment upon an execution improperly issued, which had upon it no certificate under the R. L. c. 168, § 17, and no certificate under § 20 of the same-chapter, were unauthorized and illegal.
Writ of habeas corpus to issue.