By the fourth clause of her will, Helen M. Rhines devised and bequeathed the residue of her estate including her homestead and land thereto belonging, to her brother John B. Rhines, “to have and to hold, use and improve the same, without the intervention of any trustee, for and during his natural fife; and on his decease I give, devise and bequeath whatever may then be remaining of said rest and residue and accumulations, if any, to said town of Weymouth” to be used for public purposes. John B. Rhines, who also was the executor of the will, having died without rendering any probate account, Avis E. Rhines, the executrix of his will, presented for allowance the account of his administration of the estate, in which she asked to have allowed the amount of the “ rest and residue paid over, transferred and delivered to John B. Rhines as residuary legatee under article fourth of will.” The account was allowed in the Probate Court, and, the decree having been af*588firmed by a single justice of this court, the case is before us on an appeal which contains no extrinsic evidence,* the appellant relying only on the reasons of appeal from the probate decree, that the allowance of this item was improper.
We assume, that the real property has not been disposed of and that upon the death of the life tenant the town was entitled to possession, if it chose to accept the devise. The item in dispute relates wholly to personalty which came into the possession of John B. Rhines as executor, and then was transferred to himself. If the testator has not expressed an intention to the contrary, there is ah implied trust in a gift of personal property, where the legatee takes the income only with a remainder over, and the property should be held by a trustee, or, if none is appointed, by the executor as trustee. Hooper v. Bradbury, 133 Mass. 303, 307. The testatrix, however, distinctly declares, that her brother during his life is to have the enjoyment of the personal property without the intervention of a trustee, while the fund with the accumulations, if any, at his death is bequeathed to the town. The gift was not absolute but qualified by the purpose of the testatrix to create a trust without making any distinction between the personal and real estate. The beneficiary was entitled as trustee in his own behalf to the possession and control of the principal with the right of unrestricted expenditure of the income. See Homer v. Shelton, 2 Met. 194, 206; Howland v. Howland, 100 Mass. 222; Taggard v. Piper, 118 Mass. 315; Chase v. Chase, 132 Mass. 473; Sherburne v. Sischo, 143 Mass. 439, 442, and Thissell v. Schillinger, 186 Mass. 182. The formality of a decree of distribution was unnecessary before he could receive the property. Under R. L. c. 150, § 19, payment of a legacy, or the transfer of a portion of the estate to a trustee, or to a legatee who is to act as his own trustee, may be stated in the accounts of an executor, and the allowance of the account has the same effect as a decree of distribution under the statute. Palmer v. Whitney, 166 Mass. 306. Lamson v. Knowles, 170 Mass. 295, 297. Libby v. Todd, 194 Mass. 507, 512.
The declaration in the action at law sets out a copy of the *589will, and contains a count in contract alleging, that the residue, having been held in trust, still remains to be administered, and that, although the defendant has filed an account of her testator, which is still pending for allowance, the account only shows a pretended disposition of the property, and she owes the plaintiff the residuary amount which came into his possession as executor of the will of his sister. The second count, "with an averment that both counts are for the same cause of action, alleges, that the defendant’s testator converted the property to his own use, and the act of conversion relied on, is the transfer by the executor to himself as legatee. If the property was wrongfully transferred, the plaintiff may recover it for the benefit of the town. Flynn v. Flynn, 183 Mass. 365, 366. But the defendant is not charged with the administration of the testatrix’s estate, and if there are assets which the defendant’s testator has not accounted for, she would be liable only upon the settlement of his probate account. Tallon v. Tallon, 156 Mass. 313, 315. Foster v. Bailey, 157 Mass. 160. Green v. Gaskill, 175 Mass. 265, 269. Flynn v. Flynn, 183 Mass. 365, 367. The question, whether the action of the executor was authorized by the terms of the will was involved and would have to be determined, and the plaintiff as the representative of the estate had the right to appear and be fully heard. Thayer v. Kinsey, 162 Mass. 232, 235.
The second ground of demurrer, therefore, having been well taken, the other causes assigned need not be considered. If the plaintiff was apprehensive, that, until the account had been passed upon, the stocks and securities enumerated in the schedule annexed to the declaration, if in the possession and control of the defendant, might be wasted or converted, he should have brought a bill in equity for their preservation. Holmes v. Holmes, 194 Mass. 552, 556. But under our decision in the first of the cases at bar the defendant’s liability is dependent upon the conversion, if any, by John B. Rhines of the trust • estate after he received it from himself as executor.
In the first case, the decree of the Probate Court, and in the second case, the judgment in favor of the defendant, must be affirmed.
So ordered.
The final decree made by the single justice contained a recital that no testimony was offered by either party, and that the allowance of the item as to the transfer of the residue was the only matter in controversy.