IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
No. 08-60322 December 23, 2008
Summary Calendar
Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
RICHARD C. BROWER,
Plaintiff–Appellant,
v.
STALEY, INC.,
Defendant–Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Mississippi
USDC No. 2:05-CV-212
Before KING, DENNIS, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Appellant Richard Brower appeals the district court’s denials of his motion
to remand, motion to strike or exclude a surveillance video, and motion for a new
trial. Brower also appeals the district court’s grant of Appellee Staley, Inc.’s
(Staley) motion for a protective order. We affirm the judgment of the district
court.
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
No. 08-60322
I
In June 2003, Richard Brower and Clayton McMillan were involved in a
motor vehicle collision. At the time of the collision, McMillan was acting in the
scope of his employment with Staley. On December 8, 2003, Brower filed suit
against Staley in Mississippi state court.
In Brower’s original complaint, he stated that he was seeking damages in
an “amount less than $75,000.00.” Staley later propounded discovery requests
asking whether Brower intended to claim damages in excess of $75,000. Brower
responded that he “could not admit or deny” the same at that time, but that “it
is admitted that there are no present plans to amend this Complaint as the
Plaintiff has current medical bills of approximately $5,500.” On November 16,
2004, Brower had an anterior cervical microdiskectomy. Brower’s counsel
received the medical records from this surgery on December 10, 2004.
Based on Brower’s discovery responses, in February 2005, Staley removed
the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of
Mississippi. The district court remanded the case to state court in August 2005,
ruling that Staley had not sustained its burden in demonstrating that Brower’s
claim was actually worth in excess of $75,000. However, less than two months
following the remand to state court, Brower was granted leave to amend his
complaint in order to seek damages in excess of $75,000. Staley then removed
the case to federal court and the district court denied Brower’s motion to remand
based on equitable estoppel.
Prior to trial, Staley filed a motion for a protective order to prohibit the
deposition of Dr. Edward Pratt, a non-testifying expert witness who conducted
an independent medical examination of Brower pursuant to Rule 35 of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The district court granted the motion based
on Rule 26(b)(4)(B). Also prior to trial, Brower filed a motion to strike or exclude
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No. 08-60322
a video surveillance tape of Brower performing certain physical activities. The
district court denied the motion.
A jury returned a verdict awarding Brower $30,000 in damages. The
district court denied Brower’s motion for a new trial.
II
We review a district court’s denial of a plaintiff’s motion to remand a case
from federal to state court de novo.1 A district court’s evidentiary rulings are
reviewed for abuse of discretion.2 Finally, “[w]e must affirm the district court’s
denial of [a] motion for a new trial absent a ‘clear showing of an abuse of
discretion.’”3
A
The district court did not err in denying Brower’s motion to remand.
Brower had intensive spinal surgery on November 16, 2004, nearly one month
before the expiration of the one-year limit for removal.4 While Brower claims
that his counsel was unaware of his increased medical bills until after December
8, 2004, Brower agreed to the surgery on November 3, 2004 but did not tell
Staley about the surgery until after the one-year removal limit had expired. The
district court stated that it “has no reason to doubt that had the defendant
known about the extra medical bills for the November 2004 surgery, they would
have removed on or before December 8, 2004.” We agree. Brower’s actions
1
Sherrod v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 132 F.3d 1112, 1117 (5th Cir. 1998).
2
Kelly v. Boeing Petroleum Servs., Inc., 61 F.3d 350, 356 (5th Cir. 1995).
3
DP Solutions, Inc. v. Rollins, Inc., 353 F.3d 421, 431 (5th Cir. 2003) (quoting Hidden
Oaks Ltd. v. City of Austin, 138 F.3d 1036, 1049 (5th Cir. 1998)).
4
See 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b) (“[A] case may not be removed on the basis of jurisdiction
conferred by section 1332 of this title more than 1 year after commencement of the action.”).
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No. 08-60322
regarding the amount of damages he sought in his pleadings justify an equitable
exception to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)’s one-year limit.5
B
The district court did not abuse its discretion when it granted the
protective order prohibiting the deposition of Dr. Pratt. Dr. Pratt, a non-
testifying expert, conducted an independent medical examination of Brower in
accordance with Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Also in
accordance with the Rule, Staley provided Brower with a copy of Dr. Pratt’s
examination report.6 Brower sought to depose Dr. Pratt based on this report.
Rule 26(b)(4)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure prohibits the
deposition of a non-testifying expert except in accordance with Rule 35(b) or
upon a showing of exceptional circumstances.7 While Rule 35(b) allows the
discovery of an examiner’s report, it states only that it “does not preclude . . .
deposing an examiner under other rules.”8 Because Rule 26(b)(4)(B) controls and
Brower has not shown exceptional circumstances, the district court did not abuse
its discretion in granting the motion for a protective order.
C
The district court also did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion
to strike or exclude the surveillance video. Staley produced the surveillance
video three months before the initial trial setting and ten months before the
actual start of trial. The district court properly concluded that Rule 26(e)(2)’s
5
See Tedford v. Warner-Lambert Co., 327 F.3d 423, 426 (5th Cir. 2003) (“Section
1446(b) is not inflexible, and the conduct of the parties may affect whether it is equitable to
strictly apply the one-year limit.”).
6
See FED. R. CIV. P. 35(b)(1).
7
See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(4)(B).
8
FED. R. CIV. P. 35(b)(6).
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No. 08-60322
basic purpose is “preventing prejudice and surprise.”9 Brower had ample time
to prepare a response to the surveillance video at trial. Therefore, denying the
motion to strike or exclude the video surveillance was not an abuse of discretion.
D
Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the
motion for a new trial. A new trial is granted only if the jury verdict was against
the great weight of the evidence.10 Here, the jury verdict was not against the
great weight of the evidence.
Although Staley admitted liability, it produced ample evidence
contradicting Brower’s damages claims. At trial, Brower claimed that he
suffered from significant back and neck injuries and that the injuries were so
severe that he could not lift more than ten pounds, could only hold his arm up
for a matter of seconds, could not shake hands, and could not perform any
household chores. However, on cross-examination, the jury watched a
surveillance video showing Brower purchasing, pull starting, operating, and
lifting in and out of his truck a hand-operated garden tiller weighing
approximately one hundred pounds. Additional video footage showed Brower
pressure washing his truck and shaking hands with friends. Based on this video
and other evidence contradicting Brower’s testimony, the district court did not
abuse its discretion in denying the motion for a new trial.
AFFIRMED.
9
Reed v. Iowa Marine & Repair Corp., 16 F.3d 82, 85 (5th Cir. 1994).
10
See Laxton v. Gap, Inc., 333 F.3d 572, 586 (5th Cir. 2003) (“A new trial is warranted
if the evidence is against the great, and not merely the greater, weight of the evidence.”).
5