United States v. Freddy Diaz-Medina

USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 1 of 7 [DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit ____________________ No. 21-11525 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus FREDDY DIAZ-MEDINA, Defendant-Appellant. ____________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 6:19-cr-00126-GAP-LRH-1 ____________________ USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 2 of 7 2 Opinion of the Court 21-11525 Before LUCK, LAGOA, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Freddy Diaz-Medina, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se 1 on appeal, appeals the district court’s denial of his counseled mo- tion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). No reversible error has been shown; we affirm. In 2019, Diaz-Medina pleaded guilty (in two separate crimi- nal proceedings) to two counts of conspiracy to distribute and to possess with intent to distribute a controlled substance, including 5 kilograms of cocaine and 1 kilogram of heroin, and guilty to one count of conspiracy to violate the Travel Act. In a single sentencing proceeding, the sentencing court imposed a total sentence of 135 months’ imprisonment. Diaz-Medina filed no direct appeal. In March 2021, Diaz-Medina (through his lawyer) moved for compassionate release under section 3582(c)(1)(A), as amended by the First Step Act. 2 Diaz-Medina argued that his medical condi- tions (including obesity, asthma, Type 2 diabetes, and various heart conditions) put him at increased risk of serious illness if he were to 1 We read liberally briefs filed by pro se litigants. See Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008). 2 First Step Act of 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-391, 132 Stat. 5194 (2018). USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 3 of 7 21-11525 Opinion of the Court 3 be reinfected with COVID-19. 3 Diaz-Medina also alleged that the conditions in his prison facility prevented him from taking effective precautions against infection. The district court denied Diaz-Medina’s motion for compas- sionate release. The district court first determined that Diaz-Me- dina had failed to demonstrate “extraordinary and compelling rea- sons” warranting relief within the meaning of U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13. The district court explained that Diaz-Medina had already con- tracted and recovered from COVID-19, had received a COVID-19 vaccination, and had not shown that he suffered from a terminal illness, experienced a substantially diminished ability to provide self-care while in prison, or family circumstances that warranted relief. The district court also determined that the section 3553(a) factors weighed against a sentence reduction. In particular, the dis- trict court said that granting Diaz-Medina a reduced sentence -- af- ter Diaz-Medina had served only 6 months of his 135-month sen- tence -- would fail to reflect the seriousness of his offenses, promote respect for the law, and afford adequate deterrence. The district 3 Diaz-Medina tested positive for COVID-19 in June 2020, shortly after his sen- tencing hearing and before he was scheduled to self-surrender. The sentenc- ing court granted Diaz-Medina two extensions of time to self-surrender. The sentencing court denied Diaz-Medina’s third motion to extend his date for self- surrender, noting that Diaz-Medina had recovered from his COVID-19 infec- tion and that his chronic medical conditions could be treated effectively while in prison. USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 4 of 7 4 Opinion of the Court 21-11525 court also noted that Diaz-Medina had violated prison rules by us- ing an unauthorized cell phone. We review for abuse of discretion the district court’s deci- sion about whether to grant or to deny a defendant compassionate release. See United States v. Harris, 989 F.3d 908, 911 (11th Cir. 2021). “A district court abuses its discretion if it applies an incorrect legal standard, follows improper procedures in making the deter- mination, or makes findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.” United States v. Khan, 794 F.3d 1288, 1293 (11th Cir. 2015). As amended by the First Step Act, section 3582(c)(1)(A) au- thorizes a district court to modify a term of imprisonment under these circumstances: [T]he court . . . may reduce the term of imprisonment . . . after considering the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, if it finds . . . extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant such a reduction . . . and that such a reduction is con- sistent with applicable policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission. 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). The policy statements applicable to section 3582(c)(1)(A) are found in U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13. See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13; United States v. Bryant, 996 F.3d 1243, 1247 (11th Cir. 2021). The commentary to section 1B1.13 identifies circumstances -- including a defendant’s medical condition, age, and family circumstances -- that might USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 5 of 7 21-11525 Opinion of the Court 5 constitute extraordinary and compelling reasons. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 comment. (n.1). We have said that a district court may reduce a defendant’s term of imprisonment under section 3582(c)(1)(A) only if each of these three conditions is met: “(1) the § 3553(a) sentencing factors favor doing so, (2) there are ‘extraordinary and compelling reasons’ for doing so, and (3) doing so [would be consistent with] § 1B1.13’s policy statement.” See United States v. Tinker, 14 F.4th 1234, 1237 (11th Cir. 2021). If the district court determines that a movant fails to satisfy one of these conditions, the district court may deny com- passionate release without addressing the remaining conditions. Id. at 1237-38, 1240. Under section 3553(a), a sentence must be sufficient (but not greater than necessary) to reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, deter crim- inal conduct, and to protect the public from future crimes. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2). A sentencing court should also consider the nature and circumstances of the offense, the defendant’s history and characteristics, the kinds of available sentences, the guidelines range, the policy statements of the Sentencing Commission, and the need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities. Id. § 3553(a)(1), (3)-(7). As an initial matter, Diaz-Medina argues that the district court erred by relying on U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 in determining that Diaz-Medina had demonstrated no “extraordinary and compelling reasons” warranting relief. Diaz-Medina’s argument that the USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 6 of 7 6 Opinion of the Court 21-11525 district court was not bound by the policy statement in section 1B1.13 is foreclosed by our decision in Bryant. See Bryant, 996 F.3d at 1247 (concluding that section 1B1.13 remains the applicable pol- icy statement for all motions filed under section 3582(c)(1)(A), in- cluding those filed by prisoners). The district court abused no discretion in determining that the section 3553(a) factors weighed against granting Diaz-Medina compassionate release. Diaz-Medina’s underlying convictions stem from his involvement and leadership role in two multi-kilo- gram drug-trafficking conspiracies. According to the Presentence Investigation Report, Diaz-Medina also had prior felony convic- tions for drug-trafficking and firearm offenses. Given the serious nature of Diaz-Medina’s offenses and Diaz-Medina’s criminal history, the district court determined rea- sonably that a sentence reduction in this case would be inconsistent with the purposes of sentencing set forth in section 3553(a), includ- ing the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the of- fense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide adequate de- terrence. That Diaz-Medina had by then served only 6 months of his 135-month sentence -- and had already violated prison rules and been disciplined for using an unauthorized cell phone -- further supports the district court’s determination that the section 3553(a) factors weighed against a reduced sentence. On appeal, Diaz-Medina contends that the district court failed to consider adequately the disparity between his sentence and the sentences of his co-defendants and the degree of his USCA11 Case: 21-11525 Date Filed: 06/28/2022 Page: 7 of 7 21-11525 Opinion of the Court 7 cooperation and substantial assistance. That the district court af- forded more weight to Diaz-Medina’s history and characteristics and to the seriousness of his offenses than the court did to mitigat- ing factors is no abuse of discretion. Cf. United States v. Amedeo, 487 F.3d 823, 832-33 (11th Cir. 2007) (stating that the weight given to a particular sentencing factor “is a matter committed to the sound discretion of the district court” and that the district court need not address explicitly each section 3553(a) factor or all miti- gating evidence). On this record, we cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion in denying Diaz-Medina relief based upon the pertinent section 3553(a) factors. Because we affirm the denial of compassionate release on that ground, we do not address the dis- trict court’s alternative determination that Diaz-Medina demon- strated no “extraordinary and compelling reason” within the mean- ing of section 1B1.13. AFFIRMED.