This case has been argued in this court, and a reversal of the judgment asked, upon .the ground that the money was paid under a mistake of the law,, and that as the defendant, in right of his intestate had no claim to the money, it can be recovered back in this form of action. Conceding the general rule to be as stated, we do not think, under the circumstances of this case, there can be any recovery.
Assuming, as was doubtless the case, that the money was both paid, and received, in ignorance of the law, upon the supposition *294that the representative of the husband was entitled to the distributive share of his .wife in her father’s estate, though he had not reduced it into possession during his life, the plaintiff cannot recover, unless the defendant can be placed it siatu quo. If, as is shown by the facts of the case, the money has passed from the defendant in the course of his administration, and the estate is now insolvent, if a recovery is had against him, as he could not reimburse himself from the estate of his intestate, the loss must fall on him individully, whilst he is certainly not more to blame in receiving the money, than the plaintiff was in paying it over.
The principle which governs this class of cases is, that if money is paid by mistake to an agent, or stake-holder, so long as it remains in his hands, it may be recoved back, but if he pays it over before notice, he is not responsible, as it is not just that one man should lose by the mistake of another. [Burrough v. Skinner, 5 Burrow, 2639.] In Greenway v. Hurd, [4 Term. 553,] it was held, that an action would not lie to recover from a Custom House officer, duties which he had received after the act imposing them was repealed, and which, in ignorance of that fact, he had received and paid over.
A multitude of cases might be cited to the same effect, but the principle is too well established, to render it necessary or proper to encumber this opinion by adducing them. It does not appear in this case that the money was demanded from the defendant before it had passed out of his hands, without the possibility of his reclaiming it, and to permit it now to be recovered from him, would bo in effect to punish him for the mistake of the plaintiff.
Let the judgment be affirmed.