This -was an action brought by the present plaintiff,' against the defendant, in debt, for the amount of a promissory note; which, according to an agreed state of facts, the plaintiff had confided to the hands of an attorney at law for collection, and which, by an agreement between the said attorney and the defendant, had been surrendered to him in payment, and dis-sharge of the attorney’s own debt to the defendant. The. case of Gullet and Lewis, decided by the court at a former term, is considered to embrace the principle which ought. to govern this.
The counsel for defendant in error-, suggests as a circumstance distinguishing the cases, the actual surrender and can-celment of the note in this case ; whereas, in that, the transfer of the note had not been actually made.. I apprehend that the decision in Gullet and Lewis was not affected by the circumstance here adverted to. The principle declared by the court, was, that an attorney was the especial agent of his client, to receive the money, upon,the note committed to him ; and that the act done by him was in violation of the authority granted ; and so not binding upon the principal. The doctrine of this case has since been, upon several oocasions re-cognised by this court, and has regulated its course of decision — as in Craig vs. Ely, and in Kirk vs. Glover & Gaines, at the last term. The principle, settled in those cases, in itself, is so far from being questionable, that it is in fact, one of the very maxims of the law; and its symmetry would bet marred, to say the least, by excepting the case of attorneys at law from its influence. Nor do I see that such subjection to a universal rule, can impair in the least, the fair fame of the profession. It is to be sure, no less true in this than in every other instance, that the existence of any law enforcing duty, implies at least, that such duty may be, violated; yet it never should be held as a reflection upon virtue, that laws exist to punish vice. The true point of honor in every case, is to *214perform duty — not to desire an exemption from the penally °f its neglect.
I will take occasion to remark, that although I consider the general doctrine of agency, so essential to the advantageous conduct of the commerce'of the world, as applying to the relation of client and attorney, yet perhaps in no other case does the safety of the community require it less, than in this. It may be from that “ esprit du corps,” which, to some extent, actuates every individual of a classbut I have thought, that no caste in the community gave better proof of trustworthiness, than the profession of the law. Their whole business is confidential, and at all times, much of the property of the country is subject to their disposal. That such confidence is rarely. broken, speaks a higher eulogium upon the honesty of the profession, than any language Í could use.
It was put with'much ingenuity by the counsel, that if the - attorney could collect the money, and then pay off his debts with it, why not permit that to be done, which, in its result, is just like it — that is, pay off his debt at once with the note, flow, though these cases are alike, yet “ nullum simile cst idem” The only reason why the first is allowed, is, that, from a necessity, it cannot be avoided, and so does not fur-” nish any argument in favor of what, though no worse, may be avoided. It is a homely saying of our law, derived from the pastoral life of our ancestors, that money has no “ ear mark,” and for'that reason cannot be followed through the pockets of men and identified, so as to be reclaimed : but if an agent were appointed to receive a bullock, and after its receipt, he were to pay it off to his own creditor, the principal could pursue it'. This is a difference, not in principle, but the subject matter of the agency.
' Let the judgment be reversed, and rendered for the amount of the debt, and damages.