delivered the opinion of the Court.
This bill, as well as the original one, the proceedings in which are now sought to be reviewed, was filed by Mrs. Notrebe, as widow of Frederick Notrebe, deceased, against the executors and heirs at law of the latter. Mrs. Notrebe having afterwards intermarried with Price, he, therefore, was made a party complainant.
Tbe case presented on tbe original bill, was, tliat on the 23 d of October, 1843, Frederick Notrebe made bis last will and testament, whereby be devised one-balf of bis estate to bis wife, and tbe other to his son and grand - daughter. Tbe son having died in tbe lifetime of tbe father, the grand-daughter took under the will tbe share devised to him. In April, 1849, Hr. Notrebe died. On tbe seventeenth of June following, bis will having been probated, letters testamentary were issued, and tbe estate was taken in custody by tbe executors. On tbe 10th of September, 1850, the widow, by deed, which was recorded on the 10th of that month, released her right under the will, and proceeded, by bill, against tbe executors and heir at law, in tbe Circuit Court of Arkansas county, for dower: alleging all that was needful, with specific averments, as to all tbe varieties of property constituting the estate; and after avering that no sum of “money” had been paid her, as dower, proceeds to allege that she had often applied to tbe executors “to account with her, and pay to her the amount of one-third part of tbe nett income, proceeds and profits of the said estate accrued, due since tbe said Frederick’s death, and received by them, or either of them, and to let your oratrix into possession of the one - third part of tbe proceeds and profits of said estate and premises, and to assign and set out for your oratrix, a full third part of tbe said estate, as and for her dower therein,” charging refusal, and interrogating as to whether they had not “possessed themselves of all the real, personal and slave estate, moneys, goods, chattels and effects of the said Frederick Notrebe, deceased;” whether or not “large profits of said estates and premi- ■ ses” had come into their hands, and whether or not they had “refused to pay her one-third part of said profits,” &c., &c., and praying inventory of all estates, &c., and where, and in whose “custody, possession or power, the same have been since the death of F. Notrebe, and at what profit”' — -that she might be decreed dower in all of said estate, and an account be taken, and she “be let into possession, and the receipt of the profits of one - third part thereof, both accrued and to accrue,” and for a commission to assign dower to her, that she may hold the same in severalty, and for general relief.
All the defendants answered fully: the executors admitting that they were in possession of the-whole estate of every description, and setting out inventory of all; except, as they state, a large amount of plate and household stuff, which they had not inventoried, but suffered to remain in the hands of the complainant ; that they had paid the complainant various sums of money, which they name over, and that she had had the use of various slaves, which they specify, as well as of the mansion house, from the time of the death of the testator: that the plantations had been carried on as in the lifetime of the testator: state the amount of cotton made and sold, and the moneys arising therefrom, which they say was insufficient to supply and carry on the plantation : that some buildings in the Post of Arkansas had been rented out, and another small jfface in the country, the residue of the real estate being wild and unproductive lands.
No exceptions being taken to the answer, and replication having been filed thereto, and all the parties submitted the cause, it was heard at the October term, 1851, when commissioners were appointed, with plenary powers, to lay off' dower to the complainant, according to her prayer, instructing them to allow her to select such slaves as she might desire for her body and household servants, and deliver them to her immediately, estimating them at their real value, in the general division, and to report at the next term, when either party should have the right to raise any objection. Accordingly, the commissioners performed their dirties, and reported to the April term, 1852, as instructed, showing how they had divided the lands, slaves, stock, and other property, and recommended that the respective parties should not enter upon the respective parts of the estate allotted to each, until the ensuing first day of January, 1853.
At the October term, 1852, no objection having been interposed to the report of the commissioners, and all the parties appearing by their respective solicitors, the cause was again heard upon the bill, answer, replication and report of the commissioners, and confirming the same, the court decreed the complainant, in due form, dower estate in severalty in the lands, slaves, mules, horses, osen, and silver plate, and that she should enter upon, and take possession of the same, on the 1st of Jauuary next following, and also decreed “That William Kefeld should be appointed master, and be required, by the next term of that court, to make and state an account of the income and profits of the property of Notrebo, from the time of his death to the 1st day of January, 1853, and to deduct therefrom all taxes, outlays and expenses in respect thereof, and exhibit the balance ; and what is the one-third of such nett profits, after all expenses are deducted.
Whether or not the master ever performed this duty, does not appear from the record. It appears, however, that at the term to which he should have reported, the bill, on which these proceedings before us are founded, was filed. In which, after setting out at full length, all the proceedings, which we have substantially set out above, and alleging some unimportant matters of no relevancy, and which are fully denied by the answer of Morton and wife, and wholly unsustained by the record, the complainant proceeds to allege, that she was aggrieved by the decree, and ought not to be bound by it, for the following reasons, specifically assigned, to wit:
1st. Because it does not give her one - third of the money on hand at the death of her husband.
2d. Because it does not give her one - third of the rent’ of the town property at the Post of Arkansas.
3d. Because it does not give her the hire of the slaves, and the rent of the land, which were assigned do her for dower, from the death of her husband up to the 1st January, 1853.
4th. Because said decree was made without her assent, and through mistake and oversight of her solicitors. That it was the result of haste and surprise, and was entered without replication and without ever being read to the court; that neither the complainant nor ber solicitor, was apprized of tbe defects, imperfection and incompleteness of said decree, until some weeks subsequent to tbe adjournment of tbe court.
5tb. Because, by it, tbe complainant is restricted to one-tbird part of tbe mere income and profits of tbe plantation, and does not, as it should, give ber tbe value of tbe hire of ber negroes and rent of ber lands.
And after tbe statement of some other irrelevant and unimportant matters, tbe bill Concludes with a prayer that tbe proceedings aforesaid should be reviewed, added to, altered and annulled, and tbe defendants be made to account with tbe complainant for tbe moneys on hand at tbe time of tbe death of ber late husband, and pay over to ber one-tbird part; and also, account for the rent of the town property, and give ber tbe one-tbird part; and for tbe reasonable hire of tbe slaves and rents of the land assigned to ber as dower, from said death, up to tbe 1st January, 1853, and for general relief.
The executors failed to appear, and a decree, pro confesso, was taken as to them; but Morton and wife answered tbe bill very fully, denying emphatically many charges in tbe bill, which we have not thought it at all necessary to notice, in stating its purport, since they were, as we have said irrelevant and immaterial, and totally unsustained by tbe record; and, therefore, we shall state such portions of bis answer only as relates to tbe matters complained of in tbe purport of tbe bill, as we have set it out above.
As to tbe complaint that tbe decree does not give tbe complainant one-tbird part of tbe money on band at tbe death of Mr. No-trebe, be answers that the answer of tbe executors to tbe original bill, discovers tbe sum on band at that time, and that tbe complainant’s claim to dower therein, was fully admitted by all the defendants, and that, by agreement, T. Farrelly was to pay com‘plainant ber one - third part thereof. That be still fully admits ber rights as to this money, but that none of it ever came into respondent’s bands. And be submits that, inasmuch as ber rights on this point were fully admitted by the pleadings, no new bill was necessary; but that the enlargement of the reference to the master, already pending, was amply sufficient, respondent being perfectly willing, as he has always been, that she shall have the one - third part of this money, either under the agreement aforesaid, or in any way otherwise. And as to the rents of the town property at the Post of Arkansas, he answered that he had been informed, and believed, that that was likewise intentionally kept out of the reference by both parties, to be also settled by Col. Farrelly, who knew all about the matter; the amount being very small after deducting taxes and expenses, not being of sufficient inmortalice to be worth the expense of a reference: complainant’s right to the one-third part thereof, having been, by said pleadings, and otherwise, always admitted. And as to the charge in reference to the decree, he answered that if it was meant by the bill to charge, or intimate that said decree was entered in the present form,- without the knowledge and assent of complainant’s solicitors, duly employed in the cause, it was simply false. If it was intended to charge or insinuate that any concealment or undue advantage, on the part of respondents, or their solicitor, was exerted, in any respect, it was wholly false; and they averred the truth-to be, that the decree and orders were drawn up and submitted to the complainant’s solicitor, who read and fully understood them at the time, and if any of the orders were notread in court, it was simply because they had been read and approved by solicitors of both sides. And if complainant’s solicitor has since discovered the omission in regard to the moneys on hand at the death of Mr. Notrebe, and the rents of the houses at the Post of Arkansas, it is simply because he has forgotten the understanding at-the time, and the reason for the same.
"With regard to the complaint, that the decree did not give complainant the hire of the negroes and rent of the land, which were assigned to her for dower, from the death of Mr. Notrebe up to the 1st of January, 1853, and restricted her to one-third part of the nett profits of the plantation and estate, the respondents answered, that complainant bad never claimed in any otherwise, and under her bill was entitled to no other decree in that regard, than that made. -And if the executors were bound to rent out the lands and hire out the negroes, and did not do so, and the value of complainant’s dower was diminished thereby, that might be the foundation of an individual claim of complainants on them, in respect of such dereliction, but no ground for a charge on her part against the estate. That from the first, she knew the course of management of the executors, and acquiesced in it; and was, therefore, estopped to set up such a claim. That, in truth, said lands could not have been rented out for much, if any thing; and said negroes, if hired out, would have greatly jeopardised the interest of all concerned in the estate. And insisting that the proceedings already had are binding upon all the parties thereto, and conclusive as to all matters embraced; and that all the relief claimed, to which complainants are entitled, can l)e rightfully obtained by a mere extension of the reference to the master, now pending, if complainants persist in rejecting the agreement aforesaid, to receive the money from Col. Farrelly, without troubling the court with the matter, and harassing respondents so unnecessarily, the respondents demur to said bill of review and supplement, and submit that complainants have not made such a case as entitle her to. the relief prayed, or any part thereof, or any relief whatsoever.
Replication was put in to this answer, and leave given to take depositions. And also, leave against objection of Morton, to take the deposition of the executors. Under this latter order, the deposition of Terence Farrelly was taken, which was afterwards suppressed, and properly so: hé being incompetent by reason of his being one of the parties to the record liable for costs, and interested in freeing himself from liability to the complainant, and casting the same upon the heirs. Pryor et al. vs. Ryburn, January Term, 1856. The proof introduced by the other depositions, go to show the value of rent of land and hire of negroes, allotted to Mrs. Notrebe for dower, from the death of her husband up to the 1st January, 1853. That the Notrebe plantation was a very uncertain one, in consequence of liability to overflow; that it was actually overflowed three years out of four. That it was, in consequence, scarcely rentable at all, at any price: several of the witnesses saying, that rather than cultivate it because of the liability to overflow, they would prefer to clear land in the woods, not liable to overflow; and all the witnesses say that the slave property was in such a condition that it would have been dedri-mental to the estate to hire out the negroes, and the interest of all concerned was better subserved by keeping them on the plantation; and some of them prove that the complainant lived on the plantation, in the mansion-house, all the time, in a condition to see, and daily know all that was done by the executors and heir with the plantation and slaves, and never made any objection to the employment of the slaves on the plantation, as was done : and one of the witnesses proves a settlement of the executors in the Probate Court, showing the disposition of the whole receipts from the plantation thus cultivated.
The court, upon the hearing, dismissed the bill of review, and going back to the original bill of complaint, and the proceedings thereon, ordered an account to be taken, under the decree therein rendered, of the profits arising from the estate from the death of Mr. Notrebe to the 1st January, 1853, and an account of the moneys on hand at his death, and that a decree should be rendered for one-third of each, in favor of complainant, and directed the master to proceed to make and state such account in pursuance of the original bill and decree thereon; specifically directing him as follows, to wit:
1. “That he state an account of all moneys at the death of said Frederick Notrebe.
2. That he state an account of all expenses and profits of said plantation, slaves, and other property thereon, from the death of said Frederick Notrebe, up to the 1st of January, 1853, the time when dower was assigned to complainant, Mary F., under said decree upon her original bill, and that he strike and report the balance.
3. That he state an account of all rents of the property of said Frederick Notrebe, at the Post of Arkansas and elsewhere, other than the plantation aforesaid, from the death of said Frederick to this time, and report the amount thereof.
4. That he state an account of all other sources of in come from said estate, other than from choses in action and debts due the same, and report the amount thereof.
5. That he state an account of all moneys received by complainant, Mary F., or paid out for her from said estate, since the death of said Frederick Notrebe; and that the master report at the next term of this court, to which time further orders are reserved.
From which decree the complainants appealed to this court, excepting to so much thereof as dismissed their said bill of review and supplement.
"With regard to the complaint against the decree on the original bill, that it did not give the complainant hire for the ne-groes and rent for the land, assigned to her for dower, from the death of her late husband, but restricted her to one-third part of the nett profits of the plantation and estates, we think it totally groundless in a legal point of view; because there can be no pre-tence of error in the judgment of the court, as to this, since it is in exact accordance with the whole tenor and scope of the bill, and in which there were no allegations upon which could have been based a decree for hire and rents, in lieu of nett profits specifically, directly, and formally proceeded for; (Cook vs. Bronaugh, 13 Ark. Rep. 187, 188,) and as little pretence of the discovery of any new matter, or evidence, which could not possibly be had or used at the time when the decree passed. On the contrary, as to this, it abundantly appears that the complainant knew every fact when the original bill was filed. TJnder such circumstances, to permit her to hold on to such portions of the decree only as she likes, and let her go back and make a new case, as to such portion as she does not like, although the latter be in strict accordance with her case first made, would be a novelty, to say tbe least of it, as inconsistent with the general doctrine of non-divisibility of rights, as with the chancery doctrine, in accordance with it, of multiplicity of suits.
Indeed, under the peculiar facts of this case, when it is considered that the complainant was devisee, under the will, of one-half of the entire estate, was tardy in changing her character from devisee to dowress, when so many circumstances indicated her acquiescence in the former, when she was so fully cognizant of all that was transpiring on the plantation where she daily resided, there would seem to be some fair ground of natural equity, in view of the disasters from overflow by the act of God, upon which the heir might have stood, without any impeachment of duty or affection, and invoked a strict adjudication of the dowress’ rights in the premises, had she originally claimed rents and hires. If so, much more may she now occupy this position, when having originally chosen an equitable ground, the complainant now seeks to flee from it, under no stress of adverse pecuniary circumstances, to carry fruits to a stranger, who can have no peculiar equitable claim to them.
Besides these considerations, which we regard as satisfactory on this point, the counsel for the heir takes a higher ground; which, in the views we have taken, need not be passed upon. Anri this is, that under our peculiar laws, making all species of property, assets in the hands of an executor or administrator, even conceding the complainant the right to recover the rents and hires, the estate cannot be charged with the neglect of the executor, but the executor himself must pay the dowress for his own neglect. A proposition which, as we have said, we have not found it necessary either to consider or to pass upon.
With regard to the complaint against the decree, for the alleged imperfections specified above, in the 4th division of complainant’s present complaints, it seems sufficient to say, in view of the fulness of the answer, on that point, that the complainant cannot be permitted to repudiate her acts of record, done by her solicitors, but she must abide by them, and hold her solicitors responsible, if they were careless, or otherwise derelict, or unfaithful to her injury, notwithstanding, as seems very unreasonably alleged, the court and the opposite solicitors were as careless and as unfaithful in the premises as her own.
With regard to the complaint, as to the town property at the Dost of Arkansas, the reference to the master Eefeld, which was pending at the time these proceedings were commenced, was sufficiently broad to embrace that, because in its terms it was not confined to the “income and profits” of the plantation, but extended to the “property” of the estate generally; and was, therefore, directly responsive to the original bill, and consistent with the decree.
The complainant’s right to dower in this town property, as well as in the cash on hand, at the death of Mr. Notrebe, was conceded by the pleadings, and admitted by the evidence in the answers. And upon the hearing of the case on bill, answer, replication, and the report of commissioners, who had admeasured and set apart dower to the widow in the lands, slaves, stock, and other visible property, the record states that the court was of opinion, upon consideration, that the complainant was entitled to dower “as prayed,” and thereupon proceeded to decree to the complainant, dower, in severalty, in so much of the estate as was referred to the commissioners, and was embraced in their report, and then omitting to make any specific decree as to the money on hand at the death of Mr. Notrebe, although embraced in the general opinion expressed, that the complainant was entitled to dower “as prayed,” proceeded as to the “income and profits,” generally, to refer these to the master Eefeld, to take an account and report at the next term. Doubtless, upon the ground, as we must presume, in favor of the doings of the court below, of the uncertainty of this income and profits, both as to whether there was really any nett amount, and, if so, how much — and these could be ascertained only by a statemect of accounts, either by the court, or by a master. Hence, as to this part of the complainant’s case, the merits had not been sufficiently developed to enable the court to pass upon it finally, otherwise than hypothetically, which the court, it is true, might have done by appropriate further order and directions; which, however, it does not appear, from the record, was done. Hence, there was something remaining’ to be clone by the court, judicially, between the parties remaining in court, which we cannot suppose was erroneously omitted, as we might have otherwise supposed as to the money; because, as to these rents and profits, such an erroneous omission cannot be supposed, in the face of an express reference to the master, to take and report an account, as to them, by the next ensuing term, at which time, it is reasonable to infer, the court designed to put an end to the case, and grant or refuse the complainant a rejnedy, as on her whole case, upon which, under the statute contemplating but one final decree, the parties, if any of them felt aggrieved, might appeal. Crittenden Ex parte, 5 Eng. 350; Haynie vs. McLemore, 7 Eng. 397.
And this mode of proceeding by the court corroborates so much of the answer as states “That when said decree was made, it was extremely desirable to both parties to have the matters in controversy of most importance settled, and finally ended, without delays therein, or involving them with inferior matters, which would cause delay by requiring the interposition of a master in chancery, and the delays incident thereto;” and the further matter stated as to the verbal understanding among the solicitors; at the time the decree complained of was rendered,, that Col. Far-relly should pay over to the complainant one-third part of the money on hand at the death of Mr. Notrebe, and one-third part of the nett amount of the rents and profits of the town property at the Post of Arkansas, without troubling the court to render a specific decree therefor / which Morton and wife, in their answer, say they are still willing shall be done, or that she may have those sums in any way otherwise — '“her rights in the premises having never been disputed by them, and never will be.”
Suppose, that in addition to what appears in the record in this case, there had been an express reservation, to the effect, that as to all tbe matters touching the income and profits, and touching the cash on hand at the death of Mr. Notrebe, and nnitl these should have been, in future, judicially passed upon, all that had been done, in reference to the visible property, should remain interlocutory, no one would have supposed the decree in question final, even under a practice which might allow of more than one final decree in a cause. The expressed reservation, in such a state of case, having the effect to prevent any presumption that might have otherwise arisen,, that the decree was final.
To the same effect, as an implied reservation, under our practice, tolerating but one final decree in a cause, must be regarded the affirmative action of the. court in the case at bar, in referring to the master the matter of income and profits unconnected with any decree, in advance, as to the final disposition of this part of the complainant’s case. Otheiwise, the Circuit Court would be taken to have committed the error of having omitted to pass judgment on a part of the case made by the complainant, in the face of the record, showing that court to have been in the actual progress, in a legitimate mode, to the very point complained of.
To intend such an implied reservation, under such a state of case, is even loss than to indulge the ordinary presumption in favor of the regularity of the proceedings in the court below. And to refuse to do so, is to do more than simply to reverse that common rulo. Because, that presumption is ordinarily indulged when nothing appears in the record to repel it. Much more, then, should it bo indulged, when in fact something does affirmatively appear in the record, to authorize and sustain it.
Begarding, then, the decree in the original proceedings complained against, as open, and the matter of income and profits pending before the master, as embracing the specific matter of the rents of the town property at the Post of Arkansas, nothing-remained of the matters complained of in the proceedings before us, except the matter of the money on hand at the death of Mr. Notrebe, of which there was no ground for complaint-, until the complainant’s admitted rights in the same had been adjudicated against by the court, either with or without a reference to the master.
TJpon the whole case, therefore, we find no error authorizing the reversal of the decree, and think it ought to be affirmed.