delivered the opinion of the Court.
The judgment in this case must be affirmed under the rule established in State Bank vs. Conway, 13 Ark. 344, and followed in a number of cases since.
The action was assumpsit by the appellees against the appellant for use and occupation, etc.; the case was submitted to the court, sitting as a jury, under the general issue, upon an agreed statement of facts, the court found for appellees, and the appellant, without moving for a new trial, or specially reserving any question of law, took a bill of exceptions setting out the esúdence and appealed.
The case stands here precisely as it would have done if the issue had been submitted to a jury without instructions given or refused by the court in relation to the law of the case, and there had been a verdict against the appellant, upon the evidence, and he had taken a bill of exceptions, setting out the facts proven on the trial, or agreed upon by the parties, and appealed without moving for a new trial. The fact that the court performed the office of a jury, by consent of parties, does not change the attitude of the case here.
If the appellant had moved for a new trial, and it had been refused him, this court would have determined, as a question of law, whether there Was a total want of evidence to sustain the verdict on any material matter in issue.
Or it the appellant had asked the court to declare one or more propositions to be the law of the case, as if the court were instructing a jury, and the court had refused, and the appellant had set out in his bill of exceptions the legal propositions, so submitted and refused, this Court would have determined whether the court erred in refusing to declare the law of the case to be expressed in such propositions.
Or if the court, of its own motion, had declared the particular principles of law which would govern its finding and judgment,. and the appellant had excepted, and set out the principles so declared to be the law of the case, this court would have reviewed the questions thus reserved upon the record.
But as the case is now presented to us, we are asked to determine whether the evidence sustains the finding of the court, sitting as a jury, when there was no motion for a new trial; and to adjudicate questions of law submitted in the briefs of the counsel, but not reserved by bill of exceptions at the trial; and upon which the court below may, or may not, have been asked to pronounce its judgment.
The fact that the evidence was agreed upon by the admissions of the parties, instead of being introduced through the medium of witnesses, does not affect the principles upon which the rule of practice settled in State Bank vs. Conway rests.
Surely, the rule of practice established in that case is simple, easily understood and followed, and, being settled, the court has no disposition to depart from it.
Affirmed.