On the 21st of October, 1870, William Hogan filed his complaint, account and affidavit against the Odd Fellows Building Association, claiming a lien for labor, etc., on a brick building, and lot on which it was erected, in the city of Little Rock — lot 12, block 1. On the same day a writ of scire facias was issued, returnable on the first day of the following- November term. It was returned served, on the 22d of October, 1870, on Peter Brugman, president of O. F. B. A.
At the return term, judgment was taken, a writ of inquiry executed, and final judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff for the amount claimed by him. An appeal was granted by the clerk of this court.
The record in this case shows that on the 28th day of December, 1870, the following order was made by the court.
“ William Hogan vs. Odd Fellows Building Association of Little Rock, Arkansas. Mechanic’s Lien. Comes the plaintiff by his attorney, C. C. Earrelly, Esq.; comes the defendant by George E. Dodge, Esq., attorney, and said defendant saying nothing in bar or preclusion of said plaintiff’s right to recover, it is ordered that the plaintiff have judgment for the amount of claim, etc. "Whereas, said plaintiff’s demand is uncertain and unliquidated, it is ordered that a writ of inquiry be awarded and issued herein to-ascertain and determine the same.”
January 4, 1871, the writ was returned, and a jury came, and, after hearing the evidence in the case, returned the following verdict: “We, the jury, do find for the plaintiff, William Hogan, and assess his damages at five thousand, one hundred and sixty-six dollars principal, and interest to date; and that the property within described is subject to the lien of the plaintiff for the above amount, and that the lien was filed on the 21st of October, 1870. G. E. BuACKBinur, foreman.”
Does the record disclose such an appearance of the defendant as would warrant a judgment nil elicit against him?
This court, in the case of Murphy v. Williams, 1 Ark., 376, say: “In order to constitute an appearance in a legal sense of the term, there must be some substantive act by the defendant that constitutes him a party to the suit.” When the record shows simply that the defendant appeared by attorney, and does nothing more, it is not such an appearance as will cure any defects in an imperfect writ or service.
Therefore, we shall treat the judgment rendered in this case as a judgment by default, and the defendant entitled to the same defense he might have had under such judgment.
On judgment by default, the defendant below is entitled to all legal exceptions to the writ and service; nor will this court presume in favor of a judgment by default; in such case the record must show affirmatively that the proceeding is according to law.
There are but two questions for our determination that can arise in this case:
1. Had the court below jurisdiction over the subject matter in controversy and jurisdiction of the defendant?
2. Were the proceedings of the court according to law?
It is conceded that the court had jurisdiction of the subject matter, but it is contended that the appellant had not been legally served with notice of the pendency of the suit.
It is alleged, in the first place, that they have not been properly described, either in the complaint, affidavit, scire facias, or any of the proceedings. It is contended that they, the appellants, being a corporation, created under the general incorporation law of the state, it is necessary to aver their corporate existence, and must be described as a corporation in the pleadings.
It was not necessary for the plaintiff to allege, in his complaint, the incorporation of the Odd Fellows Building Association, further than was done by the statement of its name and of the making of the agreement or the creating of the lien between the association and the plaintiff. No more certainty was required in the complaint as to the corporate character of the company, than if the company had brought the action; and in that case it would be clear, upon authority, that at common law no specific allegation of incorporation would be important. The name of the company implies its corporate existence. It is impliedly averred by the name, that the company was a corporation. Hnder a general issue, the plaintiff would be bound to prove the incorporation of the Odd Fellows Building Association. This doctrine is supported by numerous cases, among which we refer to Norris v. Stops, Hob., 211; Henreques v. The Dutch West Ind. Co., 2 Ld. Ray., 1535; The President of the U. A. Bank v. Harkins, 1 Johns. Cas., 132; The Bennington Iron Co. v. Rutherford, 3 Harr. (N. J.), 105; Harris v. The Muskingum Co., 4 Blackf., 267; Richardson v. The St. Joseph's Iron Co., 5 id., 156; Dutchess Cotton Manufacturing Company v. Davis, 14 John., 239; Bank of Utica, v. Smalley, 2 Cow., 770; Bank of Michigan v. Williams, 5 Wend., 478; Kennedy v. Cotton, 28 Barb., 62; Bank of Waterville v. Bellsar, 13 How., 270. If the .defendant had appeared in the court below and put in issue the corporate capacity of the Odd Fellows Building Association of Little Rock, it would have been necessary to have proven it. It is incumbent on- the defendant to raise the objection by plea in abatement or otherwise, to entitle him to avail himself of the omission or defect of proof in respect to the corporate capacity.
The appellants, being a corporation under the laws of the state, how are they to be served with legal service ? This is fully answered by sec. 69 of the Civil Code of Practice, which says: “ Where the defendant is a corporation, created by the laws of this state, the service of the summons may be upon, the president,” etc. Now, was this done? The indorsement on the summons is as follows: “ Executed this 22d day of October, A. D. 1870, by delivering a true copy of the within writ to Dr. Peter Brugman, President of O. F. B. A. W. S-Oliver, Sheriff, by Yance, D. S.”
It is contended that the abbreviation “ O. F. B. A,” means nothing and does not describe anything; in other words, the-return does not show that Dr. Peter Brugman was the President of the Odd Fellows Building Association. While we-are willing to admit that abbreviations should be very sparingly employed, if at all, informal and important legal documents, yet they are of frequent use, and if by using the initial letters of words instead of the words at length, the same meaning is conveyed, it would not be considered as so informal as to make the abbreviation of no significance. If the abbreviation, taken in connection with the remainder of the writing and subject matter, can be clearly understood, and not be ambiguous, it must have the same effect as if the words were written in full. The scire facias in the hands of the sheriff describes the appellant as the “ Odd Fellows Building Association.” The law required him to serve it upon the president of the association. .His return showed to the court the manner he executed it, which says, “ by delivering a true copy of the within writ to Dr. Peter Brugman, President of the O. F. B, A.” The ambiguity of these letters is entirely removed by examining the “ within writ,” where it is clearly shown that they refer to the Odd Fellows Building Association, and can mean nothing else.
This being a statutory proceeding, the statute creating this special remedy must be followed. To warrant a j udgment by default, the scire facias must be served thirty days before the return day thereof. Gould’s Dig., ch. 112, sec. 9. It is urged that the summons was not served thirty days before the return day. The record shows that the writ .was executed on the 22d day of October, 1870 ; the return day was the 21st day of November, 1870. By usual computation, that is, leaving out either the day on which the writ is executed and counting the return day, or counting the day the writ was executed and leaving the return day out of the count, we find that thirty days had elapsed, and the statute has been complied with.
We therefore find the court below had jurisdiction of the subject matter and the person of the appellant, the summons having been issued, served and returned in accordance with law.
2. Was the proceeding of the court in accordance with law?
No part of the proceedings are controverted except the verdiet of the jury. The 10th sec. of ch. 112 of Gould’s Digest, under which all the proceedings in this case were had, provides that “if the cause shall be submitted to a jury, the'verdict, if for the plaintiff, shall be substantially that the jury find that the property in the scire facias mentioned is subject to the lien of the plaintiff for such sum as shall be found to be due, and that the lien was filed on such a day, and within the time prescribed by law.”
In this case the cause was submitted to a jury, who rendered the following verdict: “We, the jury, do find for the plaintiff, William Hogan, and assess his damages at five thousand, one hundred and sixty-six yinr dollars ($5,166.50), principal and interest to date, and that the property within described is subject to the lien of the plaintiff for the above amount, and that the lien was filed on the 21st of October, 1870.”
The jury did not expressly find that the lien was filed “within the time prescribed by law.” Was this omission a fatal defect in the verdict ?
It will be remembered that the section of law in relation to the rendition of the verdict, says it “shall be substantially” as provided, not mandatory. Therefore, a substantial compliance with it by the jury is all that is necessary. The verdict of the jury was, “ that the property within described is subject to the lien of the plaintiff.” This could not have been if the lien had not been filed within the time, as required by law.
After verdict all errors in civil proceedings are cured by the statute of jeofails, when the error only relates to form, and may be amended either by the court below or the appellate court. Sec. 120, ch. 133, Gould’s Dig. From a full review of the whole case, we are unable to find any error affecting the rights of the appellant by the judgment of the court below; and finding that this judgment has been superseded, we affirm said judgment, and award the additional sum of ten per cent, damages.