This suit was commenced, before a justice of the peace of Hempstead county, on the thirtieth of October, 1878, by James B. Nolen against Berry Royston, on the following note:
“■Wallaceburg, Hempstead County, Ark.
“$250. On or before the first day of November next, I promise to pay W. C. Nolen, or order, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, for value received. This note is given for the rent of the farm known as the John Nolan farm, for the year A. D. 1878.
“ Witness my hand and seal, this the fifteenth day of February,A. D. 1878.
“[L. S.]
Berry Royston.”
Upon an affidavit made by John A. Brown, an agent of plaintiff, and the execution of a bond, an attachment was issued under the landlord’s lien act, levied on cotton and corn, but, on motion of defendant, was quashed for informality.
On the nineteenth of November, 1878, an amended affidavit was filed, bond given, an alias attachment issued, and levied on cotton and corn.
To the debt, defendant pleaded a set-off for a less amount, and disputed the truth of the affidavit for attachment.
John E. Whitesides interpleaded for the corn and cotton attached, under a trust-deed executed by defendant.
There was a judgment in favor of plaintiff for the amount of the note sued on, less the set off’; a trial of the issue as to the truth of the affidavit for attachment, and finding for plaintiff; also, a trial on the interplea, and judgment against the interpleader.
The defendant and the interpleader appealed to the circuit court, where, on the motion of defendant, the court quashed the attachment, and rendered a personal judgment in favor of plaintiff against defendant, for the amount of the note sued on, less the set-off', and plaintiff appealed from so much of the judgment as quashed the attachment.
The amended affidavit, on which the alias attachment issued, was as follows:
“I, John A. Brown, as agent for James B. Nolen, who is a non-resident of the state of Arkansas, do state on oath that on the first day of November, 1878, there was due from the defendant to James B. Nolen, the sum 'of two hundred and fifty dollars, as the amount agreed upon by the said defendant and W. N. Nolen, as the value of the rent of the John Nolen farm, for the year 1878, which at the time of the renting belonged to the said James B. Nolen, and for which a promissory note was given by said defendant, and which was payable to said agent, or •order; and that the said James B. Nolen is entitled to a lien upon the crop of corn and cotton raised on the said land for the rent, and that the said defendant has removed a portion of the crop from said premises without the consent of the landlord, James B. Nolen, or his duly authorized agent, myself, and that said renting or contract of rent was entered into between the said defendant and said "W. C. Nolen as such agent on the fifteenth of February, 1878.
The affidavit was sworn to before the justice, and subscribed by John A. Brown, agent for plaintiff, nineteenth of November, 1878.
The motion of the defendant was to dismiss the action, or at the very least to quash and discharge the attachment on the following grounds:
“ 1. Because the affidavit for attachment lien is insufficient in this, that it does not show that plaintiff was absent from said county of Hempstead at the time said affidavit was made by said supposed agent Brown, or give other sufficient legal cause for the making of said affidavit by said supposed agent Brown.
“ 2. Because said affidavit is uncertain as to the real plaintiff in the action.
“ 8. Because this is an action on- a note given for rent payable to W. C. Nolen, or order, and the action is brought by James B. Nolen, to whom the lien for rent does not go with the note.
“4. Because no cause of action was filed before summons and order issued, so as to give the justice of the peace or this court jurisdiction.
“ 5. Because the record shows that this is an action, the trial of which, both as to the supposed cause of action and as to the attachment, involves necessarily the trial of the title to land,, which, is not cognizable before a justice of the peace,” etc.
lÓed’^AtI TA0H™NT; f°bI1’eamend-The court overruled so much of the motion as asked the d ismissal of the action, but quashed and discharged the attachment on the first, third, and fifth- grounds assigned in the motion, to which plaintiff excepted. ■
Whereupon the plaintiff' moved for leave to amend the affidavit for attachment, by inserting therein the words “ absent from the county,” in place of the words, “non-resident of the state,” which motion the court overruled, and plaintiff excepted.
I. The first ground on which the court below held the affidavit insufficient and quashed the attachment, is that the agent who made the affidavit did not state therein that the plaintiff was, at the time, absent from the county, or state any other sufficient cause for the making of the affidavit by the agent.
The landlord’s lien act passed December 28, 1860, provides that “before such writ of attachment shall issue, the landlord, his agent, or attorney, shall make and file an affidavit,” etc. Gantt’s Digest, sec. 4602.
Under this statute the landlord, his agent, or attorney, might make the affidavit, but if made by the agent, or attorney,he was not required to state any reason why he made it instead of the plaintiff landlord.
By a section of the Civil Code enacted at a later pei'iod, it is provided that “ whenever the affidavit of the plaintiff or defendant is required to verify a pleading to obtain a warning order, a provisional remedy, or any other order in an action, or on a motion or proceeding therein, it may, unless otherwise expressed, be.made by the-agent or attorney of the party, if the party is absent from the county, or is mentally incapable of taking an oath, or is physically unable to attend before the court or officer for the purpose of making the affidavit, in which case the affidavit shall state the reason, and that the affiant is the agent or attorney of the party. Gantt's Digest, sec. 4696.
2. Landlobd’s Lien. ferabióanby transfer of rent-note,Conceding for the purpose of this case, as it is not controverted by counsel for appellant, that this act modifies-the act of twenty-eighth of December, 1860, the court gave it a rigid construction in holding that the statement in the affidavit that the plaintiff was a non-resident of the state was-not substantially equivalent to stating that he was absent from the county. But be this as it may, the court erred in refusing plaintiff leave to amend the affidavit as proposed by stating a fact as existing at the time the affidavit was made, that is, that the plaintiff was absent from the county. Rogers v. Cooper, 33 Ark., 406.
II. The next ground on which the court sustained the . . motion to quash the attachment is, that the action was-founded on a note payable to W. B. Nolen, or order, and . ii-r * T the action was brought by James B. Nolen, to whom the lien for rent did not go with the note.
Though the note was payable to W. C. Nolen and was not indorsed .by him to the plaintiff, yet the court held that-he could maintain the action upon it, for the court refused to dismiss the suit for want of a cause of action between the parties, and rendered a personal judgment in favor of plaintiff against defendant on the note.
Perhaps by the common law, independent of the Code provision that an action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest, the note in suit being but a promissory note, though in form a writing obligatory, private seals having been abolished, the plaintiff had the right to-bring the suit in his own name without indorsement. W. 0. Nolen having, according to the statement in the affidavit for attachment, taken the note in his name when ácting as-agent for the plaintiff, and for the rent of the plaintiff’s land. Hearshy v. Hichox, 12 Ark., 127; Gibbs v. Dickens, 33 ib., 113; Story on Agency, secs. 120, 122; Bishop on Contracts, sec. 360, and cases cited. Parsons’ Mercantile Law, p. 148.
If W. 0. Nolen had taken the note for rent contracted to be paid to him as. a landlord, and thereby had a statute lien upon the crop produced on the land for the rent, he could not have transferred such lien to the plaintiff, so as to enable him to attach the crop in his own name for the debt, by transferring to him the note, with or without indorsement. Roberts et al. v. Jacks, 31 Ark., 597.
But such is not the case made by the affidavit. The substance of the actual case made by it is, that the plaintiff, a non-resident of the state, and owner of a farm known as the John Nolen farm, by his agent, VT. C. Nolen, rented it to defendant for the year 1878, for $250, and the agent took the note payable to himself, instead of to the plaintiff, his principal, and that the plaintiff was entitled to a lien upon the crop grown upon the farm during that year for the rent debt, and defendant had removed a portion of the crop from the premises without his consent, etc.; thereby showing, in legal effect, that the relation of landlord and tenant existed between plaintiff- and defendant; and not that W. C. Nolen was the landlord, and holder of the lien, and had attempted to pass the lien to plaintiff- by transferring to him the rent-note.
III. The further and final ground on which the court quashed the attachment is, that the record showed that this was an action, the trial of which, both as to the came of action, and as to the attachment, necessarily involved the trial of title to land, which was not cognizable before a justice of the peace.
So far as this objection applied to the personam feature of the action, it was overruled, as above shown, by the court, but was sustained as to the attachment.
. Had the court not quashed the attachment, on the motion, the issue made to the truth of the affidavit before the justice of the peace, and tried there, would have stood for trial anew in the circuit court.
In the affidavit of the defendant, disputing the affidavit of the plaintiff, he denied that on the fifteenth of Febru- ■ ary, 1878, he rented the farm, known as the John Nolen farm, or any other land, from the plaintiff, or from any person for him. Also denied that plaintiff was, on the said fifteenth of February, 1878, or since then, the owner of said farm. Also, that plaintiff had any interest in, or lien for, rent upon the crop grown by defendant upon said farm for the year 1878. Also, that the note sued on was executed to said W. C. Nolen as the agent and for the benefit of plaintiff.
In quashing the attachment on the motion, the court assumed, in advance of any trial of the issue thus made, and before any evidence was offered that the title to the land was necessarily involved, and that plaintiff could hot establish the material statements of his affidavit, and maintain his right of lien upon the crop as a landlord, and his claim to enforce it by attachment, without producing in evidence title to the land, and submitting it to adjudication. This was an error. True, if the parties had gone to trial on the issue to the truth of plaintiff’s affidavit, he could not have maintained his right to attach the crop, without proving that the relation of landlord and tenant' existed between him and defendant, but if he established that relation, he need not have offered evidence of his title to the land, for that defendant, under the general rule, could not dispute. Matthews v. Morris, 31 Ark., 222.
So much, of the judgment as quashed the attachment, must be reversed, and the cause remanded to the court below, for further proceedings.