delivered the opinion of the court.
It appears that in 1890 the land in question was owned by Martha I. Barnett; that she conveyed the same on February 9,1891, to Edward Thomas, who re-conveyed to her on May 7, 1892. On January 1, 1895, she and her husband, E. S. Barnett, conveyed the same by warranty deed to Levi A. Barnett, the appellant. The land was sold for the nonpayment of the taxes for the year 1890, which amounted to $20.48. In pursuance of such sale, on January 13,1895, the treasurer of Mesa county executed and delivered to Harrington Emerson a tax deed for several tracts of land, including the one in controversy. Subsequently he conveyed this tract to W. A. Marsh, by whom 150 acres were conveyed to defendant Jaynes, and the remaining ten acres to defendant Gallaher. These conveyances vested the title to the land in the respective defendants, unless the plaintiff has succeeded in showing that the tax deed was a nullity.
1. In support of the claim that the taxes for 1890 were paid, he introduced in evidence several letters written by E. S. Barnett to Mr. Crawford, the treasurer of Mesa county, making inquiry as to the amount of taxes then due on the land, which then stood in the name of Edward Thomas. Receiving no reply, on February 26, 1891, he inclosed a draft for $13.30, which was the amount of the taxes the preceding year. This draft was returned to him, with the information that the taxes were $20.48. He and his wife testify that he sent a draft or check for that amount, and received an answer from the treasurer, stating that he would find inclosed a re*282ceipt for the taxes; hut that there was no receipt inclosed. This letter was not produced-upon the trial, having been destroyed. He did nothing further in the matter, supposing that the record would show the payment of the taxes. Martha Barnett, after she repurchased the land, paid the taxes for 1891, 1892, 1898, and did not know that it was claimed that the taxes for 1890 were not paid, .until 1894. On the other hand, in addition to the prima facie evidence, furnished by the deed itself, of the nonpayment of the taxes, the treasurer Mr. Crawford and his deputy Mr. Shaw, testify positively that they were not paid; and the books of the county treasurer, wherein it is the duty of the county treasurer to note the fact when taxes are paid, show no entry of such payment.
Upon this conflicting testimony the court below found that the preponderance of evidence on this issue was in favor of defendants. Under the rule so frequently announced, this finding is conclusive upon us, and we are precluded from disturbing it upon this review.
2. The next ground relied on is that the court erred in refusing to permit plaintiff to introduce witnesses to prove that the assessment of real property in Mesa county for the year 1890 was not uniform. We think the court properly excluded this testimony. If, as alleged, the real property in Mesa county was unequally assessed in 1890, and by reason thereof the valuation of the land in question was excessive, as compared with other like property, ample opportunities were afforded for the correction of such error. Mills’ Ann. Stats, secs. 8838, 3839, et seq. A party who fails to invoke these remedies cannot be heard to complain of errors in the valuation of his property after a sale has been made and the tax deed issued.
3. In support of the third objection it is said that the legislature having prescribed a form of tax deed, in which is a recital of the amount the purchaser or his assignee has paid as taxes subsequent to the tax sale, and this recital being absent from the deed upon which appellee’s title depends, that this renders the deed invalid. It is undoubtedly true that *283when the law prescribes a form of deed, that form must be substantially followed; and any material deviation, except it be to make the deed conform to a state of facts different from that contemplated by the statute form, avoids the deed. Blackwell on Tax Titles, sec. 771. But we think it is also true that where a recital is necessary only under a particular state of facts, and that state of facts does not exist, the omission of the recital does not affect its validity. This recital, as prescribed in the form of deed provided by sec. 3901, Mills’ Ann. Stats, is necessary only in case'the payment of subsequent taxes is required, as we think they probably are by sec. 3888, Mills’ Ann. Stats., when such taxes have accrued upon land bid in by the county, and the certificate of purchase is assigned to a person who obtains a tax deed upon such certificate. However this may be, it is clear that the payment of subsequent taxes is not obligatory upon an individual who purchases at the tax sale. In other words, he may or may hot, as he may elect, pay the subsequent taxes. In case he does, then the recital of this fact is necessary, for the obvious purpose of enabling him to recover such taxes in case of a redemption of the property of the owner; but in case he does not, there is no reason why this recital should be contained in the deed.
4. A further objection, which counsel present with much earnestness, is that it appears upon the face of the deed that several different non-contiguous tracts of land are included, and that these tracts were sold en masse. We do not think this claim is tenable. The deed is not objectionable because it conveys several tracts of land, although they were non-contiguous. Waddingham v. Dickson, 17 Colo. 223. We think this case also answers the further objection, that it appears from the deed that the different pieces of property were not sold separately. The deed recites that the several pieces of property described were “ separately exposed to public sale * * * for the payment of the taxes, .interest .and costs then due and remaining unpaid, respectively on each of the said parcels of property, as offered for sale as aforesaid.” And that the *284purchaser, “ having separately offered to pay the sum due on each of the said parcels, in all amounting to the sum of forty-one (41) dollars and twenty-five (25) cents, being the whole amount of taxes, interest and costs then due and remaining unpaid on said property, for the whole of each of said parcels o£ real property * * * and the payment of said sum having been made by him to the said treasurer the said parcels of property were stricken off to him at that price.”
The only difference between this deed and the deed set out in the Waddingfiam case is that the word “ separately ” is omitted before the words “stricken off.” We do not think that the omission of this word in any way justifies the conclusion that the property described in the deed was sold in bulk; but the plain import of the language used is that the several parcels were separately sold, as required by law.
Other errors and irregularities, occurring after the issuance of the deed, are argued by counsel; but as they are not presented by the assignments of error, or raised by the pleadings, it becomes unnecessary to notice them. Our conclusion is that the grounds on which the validity of the tax deed is assailed are untenable,“ and the judgment of the court below is affirmed.
Affirmed.