The opinion of the court was delivered by
Bennett, J.The county court held, that the facts detailed in this case would not sustain an audita querela; and this is now the only question before us. It has been settled, that in an action upon a joint contract against two or more, where all have been duly served with process and are properly brought by means of the process and the service of it before the court, one of the co-defendants may employ an attorney for all, or may appear and control the suit as to all the defendants. This proceeds upon the ground of an implied authority. The case of Scott v. Larkin, 13 Vt. 112, is of this description. But the question is, will this principle extend to a case like the present ?
Titus was out of the state at the time of the service of the writ, and continued to be so, until after the judgment against him and Whitney ; and he had no notice in fact of the suit, having his residence in Montpelier, and no bond was given under the provisions of the Revised Statutes, chap. 26, sec. 27, before the execution issued. In the case of Marvin v. Wilkins, 1 Aik. 107, it was held, that an audita querela is the proper remedy, where a judgment of a justice of the peace has been rendered without notice, the defendant being out of the state at the time of the service of the writ, and where no recognizance was given for a review, in pursuance of the requisitions of the statute. That case is an authority for sustaining the present action, unless the case is to be distinguished in principle from it, upon the ground that it was an action against Titus and Whitney upon a joint contract.
*637It has been settled, that the audita querela should be brought by all the defendants upon the record ; and therefore Whitney is properly made a party, though he may have no personal cause of complaint. We think it will not do to hold, that Titus was bound by the appearance of Whitney. He had no power to waive notice to Titus, and thus bring him before the court, subject to the same proceedings, as if he had been personally served with process, or had had notice in point of fact of the service made in the case. I am not aware of any case, in which it has been held, that one joint contractor has power to appear for another, when such other contractor has had no personal notice of the suit.
It has always been held, that, in case of partners, each partner is entitled to a complete service of the writ. If service is made by an attested copy of the writ, each partner is entitled to a copy; and if not so served, it is good matter in abatement; and I apprehend one partner cannot bind the firm by a confession of judgment; and it has been held, that one partner cannot bind the firm by a submision to arbitration, — as in the case of Stead v. Salt, 3 Bing. 101, — though on this point there may have been some difference of opinion.
The fact, that Titus was but a surety for Whitney, certainly cannot make for the defendant in the audita querela. The surety may be the only responsible person; and he may also have a defence peculiar to himself. To hold that the principal can waive notice to the surety, by his appearing to the action and agreeing to a continuance, or that notice to the principal is ipso facto notice to the surety, would open a door for much fraud, to be practiced by an insolvent principal upon a solvent surety.
It would seem to follow, if a co-contractor can appear and control a suit as to all, where a part have had no notice, that a judgment of a sister state should bind those not served with personal notice; — yet it is well settled, that such a judgment would not bind them in personam, though it might bind them in rem.
We think this case, upon principle, must stand upon the same ground, as if Titus had been the sole defendant in the original action ; and, upon the authority of the case of Marvin v. Wilkins, the judgment of the county court, in that view, was erroneous.
*638We might add, that in the present case there was no attempt on the part of Whitney to appear for any one but himself. All that the record shows is, that the name of L. T. Whitney is signed to an agreement to continue the cause twice. He does not profess to sign the agreement for the defendants, nor to appear for them; and I apprehend, in a case like this, we should regard it as only his own personal appearance.
The judgment of the county court is reversed ; and as the cause was tried by the court upon the general issue, it must be remanded to that court, to be farther proceeded with; as well as for the assessment of damages.
It is not necessary for the court to decide, whether, upon the case now made, the complainants are entitled to have the judgment and execution set aside, or only the execution.