The question in this case is, whether the replication to the defendant’s plea is a departure from the matters set forth in the declaration. The declaration alleges that the property in question was the plaintiff’s own proper estate. The replication sets forth that it vested in the plaintiff in right of his wife, and at the time of the conversion was held by him as trustee for her.
The question then is, was this property in contemplation of law the proper estate of the plaintiff, if it vested in him in *106right of his wife ? The counsel for the defendants claim that it was not, and insist that the words, “ which was his own proper estate, ” necessarily mean that the property belonged to the plaintiff absolutely in his own right, and that therefore the allegation in the replication that the property vested in him in right of his wife is a departure from the case stated in the declaration.
In the case of Hollis et al., administrators, v. Smith, 10 East, 293, which was an action of trover brought to recover the value of certain goods, Lord Ellen borough in giving the opinion of the court says :—“ The question is whether it was necessary for the plaintiffs to have declared as administrators ; and here it certainly was not necessary, for on the death of the testator they were in point of law the owners of the goods which belonged to the intestate, and whether actually possessed by them or not before the conversion, they might declare as any other person upon their own property when wrongfully converted by another.”
If then an administrator can bring an action in his own individual name, without the affix of administrator, for the value of goods belonging to the estate of • his intestate when converted by another, on the ground that the goods were his own proper estate in contemplation of law, much more can the plaintiff in this case bring such action in his own name, alleging the goods to he his proper estate, for not only was the legal title to the property vested in him, but the use and benefit of. the property were his absolutely, which is not the case with an administrator. •
Judge Swift, in the first volume of his Digest, page 657, says, “ Where the executor is in possession of the goods of the testator, he may declare for them as his own proper goods. The same rule applies to administrators.” See also 2 Esp. N. P., 201; 2 Wms. Saund., 74; Webb v. Fox, 7 T. R., 391.
Again, the counsel for the defendant concede that if one has the possession, use and benefit of chattels he may maintain an action in his own name for their value if converted by another, but they claim that in a case like the present he should state in his declaration the matter set forth in his re*107plication. But why should the plaintiff anticipate the defence in the case ? He may not have known what defence would be made when he brought |iis action. If the defendant had pleaded the general issue, with notice only, and the facts detailed in the replication had appeared in evidence merely, it is not pretended that the plaintiff could not recover. But the defendant saw fit to interpose a special plea of justification, that the property was taken by process of law on an execution against the plaintiff. Now the replication merely meets this plea of the defendant and states facts that go to show that the property was not liable to be taken on execution. It is like a case where A sues B in an action of trespass or trover for the conversion of certain goods belonging to A, and B justifies on the ground claimed here, and A replies that the goods were exempt from execution. Manifestly in such a case there would be no departure ; nor do we think there is in the case at bar.
We therefore advise the Superior Court that the replication is sufficient.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.