This case was tried in the Superior Court, the facts found, and judgment rendered for the plaintiff. The court found that the plaintiff’s land was damaged and that his mill was not damaged. On a motion in error the judgment was reversed, on the ground that the plaintiff in his declaration had limited the damages for which he might recover to the injury done to the mill. 50 Conn. R., 346. After the case was remanded the plaintiff moved to amend his declaration by adding thereto several new counts. On objection by the defendant the court refused to allow the amendment; and, on motion of the defendant, rendered judgment for the defendant on the facts previously found. The plaintiff appealed.
The allowance of the amendment was clearly within the discretion of the court. McAllister v. Clark, 33 Conn., 253; Bulkley v. Andrews, 39 id., 523. The latter case in some of its features was like the present. The case was first tried to the jury, with a verdict for the plaintiff. A new trial was granted by this court. Before the second trial the plaintiff was allowed to amend his declaration, and this court held that it was within the discretion of the court.
*399Being discretionary, it cannot be reviewed on a proceeding in error. But if it was subject to review we should not hesitate to say that the amendment was properly refused. The case had been tried, the facts found, and a judgment rendered upon those facts. It having been determined that the plaintiff was not entitled to that judgment he sought by adding new counts to lay the foundation for proving a different state of facts from those which he had proved on a former trial. The plaintiff had had his day in court. It should appear that justice absolutely required it before the defendant should «be subjected to another trial in this unusual and irregular manner. Besides, the cause of action when the plaintiff proposed to amend was barred by the statute of limitations. The suit was brought in October, 1875 ; the amendment was proposed at the February term, 1883.
The plaintiff claims that the facts as found by the Superior Court do not conclude the parties.
First, he says that the finding was only intended to embrace such facts as were necessary to present the questions of law raised on the trial. This is not so. It was not a motion for a new trial, the office of which is to state facts which do not otherwise appear of record for the purpose of stating clearly the questions of law to be reviewed, but it was a motion in error to reverse a judgment rendered upon facts found, and presumptively all the facts, by the Superior Court. Gen. Statutes, p. 444, sec. 9. The facts so found constitute a part of the record, while the facts stated in a motion for a new trial do not.
In the next place, the plaintiff claims that the reversal of the judgment vacated and set aside the finding of facts, and entitled the parties to a new trial ab initio. This claim if allowed would obliterate the distinction in this regard between a motion for a new trial and a motion in error. A new trial granted, unless qualified or limited, opens the case from the beginning. Zaleski v. Clark, 45 Conn., 397. A reversal of a judgment upon a motion in error may or may not have that effect. If the error was of such a nature as *400to affect the facts found, or to render it probable that the court came to an erroneous conclusion upon some material question of fact, then a reversal of the judgment would set aside the finding of facts; but otherwise if, as in this case, the error consisted in rendering a wrong judgment upon facts properly found. There was no mis-trial as to the facts, but the error was in applying the law to the facts.
The plaintiff claims, however, that, inasmuch as there was a question of evidence in the case, the court must necessarily have treated the motion in error as a motion for a new trial; and that the reversal of the judgment is equivalent to granting a new trial for admitting improper evidence. The evidence objected to related to the damage to the land. The court did not grant a new trial for admitting improper evidence on that question, for the court regarded that as an immaterial matter, but reversed the judgment because the court, after having found that there was no damage to the mill, rendered judgment against the defendant for substantial damages, when the declaration claimed only the damage done to the mill.
The plaintiff also claimed that, if the former finding was an estoppel at all, it was not an estoppel as to all the facts alleged in the declaration, but only as to those facts contained in the finding, and that the plaintiff had a right to prove the facts alleged and not covered by the finding. We may concede this claim; but it will not aid the plaintiff, because there is an important finding as to the essential fact in the case — the damage to the mill. The finding is explicit: — “But said water was not so set back far enough to actually reach and affect the workings of the grist-mill wheel or machinery as heretofore constructed and operated.” It is essential therefore, before the plaintiff can recover, that he should controvert the fact here stated, and show that damage was done to his mill; and that he will not be permitted to do. He has had his day in court, and the vital fact has been determined against him. He cannot now try the question over again without violating a salutary rule of law — that there must be an end of litigation; that *401when a matter has been once fairly tried and determined it shall not again be called in question.
For these reasons there is no error in the judgment complained of.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.