So far as the record presents the questions in this case, I think the principles governing them have been fully elucidated in Warren et al. v. Branch et al., 15 W. Va. 21, wherein Judge Green collated the authorities bearing upon the questions vital, to this case, and the court enunciated these principles:
“ 2d. When with the knowledge and assent of the creditor there is a misrepresentation with regard to material facts, and had the real facts been known and not misstated, they might reasonably have prevented the security from entering into his contract of suretyship, such contract will not be binding on the surety, though such misrepresentation was not made with a fraudulent purpose.
“3d. Unless enquired of by a surety, a creditor is under no obligation to disclose facts in no manner connected with the business which is the subject of the surety-*490ship, though such facts would probably have a decided 'influence on the surety in determining whether he would enter into the contract.
“ 4th. If a material fact connected with the contract of suretyship, which might influence the surety in entering into the contract, is fraudulently concealed with a view to benefit the creditor, such concealment, though no en-quiry is made by the surety, would discharge him.
“ 5th. But though the simple failure of a creditor to communicate to a surety a fact material for the surety to know, and though this fact be connected with the contract of suretyship, will not generally vitiate the contract, unless the concealment by the creditor was fraudulent, even though the principal in procuring the surety to enter into the contract acted fraudulently; yet if the dealings are such as fairly to lead the creditor, if a reasonable man, to believe that the principal must have used fraud by suppressing facts or otherwise, in procuring the surety to enter into the contract, and such fraud has been used, it will vitiate the contract as to the surety, though ■no actual fraud be traced to the creditor.
“ 6th. If a contract is made for the sale of land, and nothing be said in the contract about the vendor’s lien being reserved, and bond and personal security be taken for the purchase-money, this alone will not amount to a waiver of the vendor’s lien; but if it be shown by direct evidence, or by the circumstances of the case, that the vendor relied only on the bond and personal security, the vendor’s lien is waived, and he would be required to execute a deed without reserving the vendor’s’lien. Before the passage of our statute requiring an express reservation of this lien on the face of the deed, the execution of a deed and the taking of personal security would amount to a waiver of the vendor’s lien.”
The bill and amended bills seek, on the part of Hevener, to avoid the judgment enjoined: First. Because of the release of the vendor’s lien, by Berry, on the house and lot, which Hevener claims, was co-sure*491ty with him in securing to Berry the payment of the $3,000.00 note, and that it was released without his knowledge or consent, and in fact that he first learned of its being released after the judgment was obtained; Second. Because there was collusion between the defendants, Berry and Hounshell, to defraud Hevener out of the $3,000.00 with its interest. The plaintiff, had a clear right, not only under the statute, Code, ch. 126, §§ 5 and 6, but also under the general principles of equity, to waive his. defence at law and seek relief by injunction against the judgment in a court of equity, and to show the fraud if it existed, for as said in Hil-liard on Injunction, page 196, § 36, “ Fraud is another ground of injunction, and this, although the party might find a remedy in a court of law, or though he had notice of the judgment in time to appeal, and made an abortive attempt to do so.” See also Kerr on Fraud and Mistake pp. 43, 44 and 47, also Smith v. McLain, 9 W. Va. 654.
Whilst it is true the allegations of the bill are not as specific, as might be inferred from Smith v. McLain they should be, to enjoin the judgment, yet they sufficiently show that class of ignorance, unmixed with negligence, which under the peculiar circumstances of the case would permit.equity to relieve him, if the facts of the case are true as he presents them by his bills. As said in Bige-low on Fraud, page 46, “ He is guilty of a fraud who secretly changes a state of affairs, and then, without revealing this fact, procures another to do an act into which the true state of affairs enters as a motive,” as for example, where “ a creditor knowing that his debtor is in failing circumstances, obtains from him for part of his claim a mortgage, substantially covering all of his property, and gets the debtor to obtain the endorsement of another person, for another part, without revealing the fact of the mortgage, this is a fraud upon the endorser, and discharges him from liability.” Hevener, by his allegations of Berry’s release of the vendor’s lien on the *492property purchased by Hounshell, and the procuring of 'his (Hevener’s) signature to the $3,000.00 note to secure the purchase-money on the property thus relieved from the vendor’s-lien, without the knowledge and consent of Hevener, attempts to bring the case within the principle as laid down by Bigelow.
Whilst it is true, as before' stated, that the bill and amended bills aré not as specific and direct in the charge of fraud, or the allegations of the circumstances showing fraud,-or collusion with intent to defraud, as the principles of good pleading require, yet they sliow upon their face sufficient to induce a court of equity to take cognizance of the case, and enter upon an enquiry into the merits; and therefore it was proper to overrule the demurrers to the bill and amended bills; and certainly so as to the second amended bill, because the pleadings had already shown that the insurance company had been connected with the transaction to such an .extent as to make it a question whether the note of $3,000.00 it held was not in fact for the same money as that of the note upon which Berry had obtained judgment against Hevener. If so, then it is manifest, that it would be inequitable to permit Berry to have the benefit of both notes, and to collect both ; but if both notes were intended to secure the same money to Berry, and the note held by the company was secured by the mortgage, and the judgment on the note against Hevener was intended to pay off the mortgaged note, certainly equity would come to the relief of Hevener and subrogate him to the rights and equities of the company and of Berry, upon his payment to the company of the amount of the mortgage-note. It was therefore right to make the company a party defendant so as to ascertain its interest in the subject-matter, and what were the true state of facts, that justice should be done in the premises to all parties.
Having thus disposed of the question of jurisdiction, we-must now.enter upon the merits of the case, and see to what extent, they are governed by the principles of *493law and equity we have cited, and bearing in mind that “ no facts are properly in issue, unless charged in the bill; and of course no proofs can be generally offered of facts not in the bill; nor can relief be granted for matters not charged, although they may be apparent from other parts of the pleadings and evidence'; for the court pronounces its decree secundum allegata et 'probata Story Eq. PI. § 257; Cooper’s Eq. PI., pp. 5, 7, § 28.-
Berry, in his answer, denies the chai’ge of fraud and that he colluded with Hounshell to defraud Hevener. Hevener is therefore put to the proof of his allegations, and calls upon the court to take into account all the circumstances of the case. He admits in his argument, what thé evidence discloses, that Berry was not known to him, and took no part in procuring his signature to the note, so far as he, Hevener, knew or was concerned ; that Hounshell alone corresponded with Hevener in regard to his going security for the deferred payments on the house and lot. Hevener’s deposition was twice taken in the case. In his deposition of September 28, 1876, he says: “Berry told me that Hounshell was to pay him $6,000.00 for the house; that he had made him a cash payment of $1,500.00.” I don’t know that Berry told me how the deferred payments were to be made, but .the residue, Berry told me, was $4,500.00. In answer to a question, as to how he came to execute the note, he answered : “It was through Hounshell’s own agency. The whole scheme was concocted by Hounshell. D. S. Hounshell wrote me a letter asking me to give him á power of attorney, which I refused to do,” (the letter is filed with the deposition). “Sometime afterwards I received a letter for Hounshell” (also copy filed with deposition) “enclosing the note, which he asked me to go on as security, which note I signed and returned to him.” To the best of his recollection he executed the note February 11, 1873, and his object in doing so was that he “ was led to believe by Hounshell that he could- get time by giving an endorser or security ; that he, Houn-*494shell, was engaged in some important-suits, from which he would realize some handsome fees, and would be enabled to pay it off when it fell due”; that since the judgment, on the 12th of November, 1875, Berry told Hevener that he held a lien for all the unpaid purchase-money, and that the note which he, Hevener, signed, was a part of the unpaid puróhase-money ; that he had a talk with Berry, November 12, 1875, in substance this : that he asked Berry why he sent the note to Pocahontas and sued him on it, when Berry was secured by lien on the same property for the same debt ? Berry replied to him that the property had so depreciated in value that it would not bring the amount of the unpaid purchase-money, of which this debt is a part. Hevener then remarked to Berry that he (Berry) and Hounshell were partners in the practice of law, and that they could arrange this matter and release him (Hevener) from paying the judgment. Berry then remarked that Hevener “ had better pay the debt; that Hounshell and he (Berry) were doing a splendid business, and that Houn-shell in a year or two would be able to pay him (Hev-ener) back.” Hevener replied that he was not in circumstances to pay the debt, and he hoped Berry and Hounshell would arrange it. Berry did not say he would, but said he had business in Cincinnati, that he would be gone a few hours, and that he would return and confer with Hevener and Hounshell in reference to the matter. The boat left at 4 o’clock, and he (Hev-ener) could not wait longer, and Berry had not returned, Hounshell promised to see Berry with regard to the matter, and write to Hevener by next mail, but neither Hounshell nor Berry wrote him in relation to the matter. Hevener then commenced'suit in Kentucky, to subject the property to sale for the unpaid purchase-money, of which he considered this debt a part. He filed what purported to be a record of that suit as a part of his deposition. (The record 'does not show that the Kentucky suit was ever terminated.) *495Twice after that he tried to get Berry and Hounshell together at Newport, but failed; he could get them to talk separately, but never together. He told Berry that if he did not arrange this matter, he would bring suit to compel him to exhaust his remedy against the principal by enforcing his lien, to which he made no reply. Hevener then directed the suit to be brought. That the first time he, Hevener, learned of the release of the lien was on June 10, 1876; that it then appeared the mortgage had been given, which is made part of the amended bill.
On cross-examination Hevener says, he learned through a letter from Mrs. Hounshell to his wife, that there was a lien for unpaid purchase-money ; and that was all he knew except what Hounshell communicated. He further says: “I never saw or knew Berry until the 12th day of November, 1875. He wrote to me after the note fell due, or about that time. He never persuaded or induced me to sign the note. Hounshell led me to believe, that he gained time by my endorsement, was the reason 1 had signed the bond.” Hevener again testified, April 30, 1877, that Berry told him, at Newport, in the fall of 1875, that he had gotten $2,000.00 out of the $3,000.00 from the insurance company; that Hounshell had gotten $700.00, and the insurance company had retained $300.00 for the one year’s interest. To the question, “What was your object or purpose in going security on the note with Hounshell and wife?” Hevener answered, “Hounshell told me, that he had seveial important cases in which he was to get large fees that they would be decided in tivelve months, and that he would then get the money to pay for his house, and I went on the note to give him further time.”
Hounshell, the brother-in-law of Hevener, and the law partner of Berry, testified, that in the latter part of August, or early in September, 1873, (corrected after-wards by him to 1872), he wmnt to HevenerV residence in Pocahontas county to ask a loan of money from him *496make a payment to Mr. A. S. Berry upon the house in Newport, Kentucky ; that Hevener expressed a willingness aid him, but said he had “no money whatever at that time,” and spoke of having made some land purchases, and having had $2,000.00 of security money to pay; however, that Mr. Oliver Beirne of Monroe county, West Virginia, was loaning money, and that if Houn-shell could negotiate a loan from him, he, Hevener, would endorse HounshelPs paper; that Bierne replied to Hounsell’s note, that he was loaning on short time, ninety days, and that Echols, of Staunton, Virginia, was his agent, attending to that kind of business for him, &c.; that the terms as to time being unsatisfactory to Hounshell, he wrote to Hevener, “informing him of the failure,” as Hevener had requested him to do; and soon thereafter, October 20, 1873, Hevener wrote Hounshell, the following letter in reply:
“GreeN BaNK, West Va., October 20, 1873.
“Gol. D. S. Hounshell:
“Dear Sir: — I received your last male. Am sorry you are about to fail in your" loan, and I greatly fear nothing can be don by myself. Two thousand dollars of security money has fell to me to pay owing to this money arises, &c. This, together with my own bank debt, is maheinff hard times with myself and familly and has greatly retarded my business, &c. Hope you still will succeed in making a loan or arrangmts by which you can save your house, and if you can do no better I hope you can sell it again. All are well. Hop you and family are likewise. Write soon. Your friend, &c.”
“ U. HeveNer.”
Hounshell testifies that there is a mistake in the date of this letter, that it was 1872 and not 1873. Sometime afterwards he, Hounshell, received from Hevener -the following letter, not in answer to any letter from Houn-shell to him:
*497“ Green Bank, West Va., Oct. 7, 1872.
“ Col. Hounshell:
“Dear Sir: — enclosed pleas find a letter from Mrs. Rogers In which She Speahs of your Trip to Greenbrier and of your Manner of Treatment towards her, and last of all Lets me no that I am responsible for the money She has paid for your house, &c. I Now advise you to Sell It If you can ; If you Can not Sell It then Se the man you purchased from, and If he does not need the money and will take me as Security, I will Endors the Bonds that are unpaid. I refer them to Wm. L. Jackson, of your State, or R. P. Camden, of West Va. Camden Is president of the National exchang Bank of Weston, West Va. If the money Is not needed, I no this Can Be don. Do your Best to Save It. I am of the opinion that Mrs. Rogers Is a hard Case, and It would Be well enough to Slap a suit on her In the U. S. States Cort at Charleston. If the will Could Be Set a Side, what do you think of this ? You could do It, Being from another State. I am fully Satisfied that Mary never will get anything; but I think She could help Lue, If she would write me Soon on this Subject. All are well, and hope It finds you in good health, &c.
“Yours In hast,
“U. Hevener.”
Hounshell gave that letter to Berry, and he expressed himself satisfied. The note was accordingly forwarded to Hevener by mail, and soon thereafter Hounshell received a reply from Hevener, dated February 10, 1873, enclosing to him the note signed by Hevener. That letter is as follows:
“Green Bank, West Va., lehuary 10, 1873.
“D. S. Hounshell Esq.:
“ Dear Sir : — I received your Letter and Bond for $3,000.00 Endorsed By yourself and Lucy Hownsh. I also endorsed the Bond and here with enclose the same, and hope It will reach you safe, and I dare not Let Mary know that I have endorsed your Bond. She gives *498me hail Whenever I go Security for any one, So I wish yon to Say Nothing and hope you can Make payment your Self. I Lost my Suit In U. States Cort. I think will take It to Supreme Cort oí U. States. What do you think of It &c. ? write on receipt of this.
“Yours in hast.
“ U. HeveNER.”
Berry testified as follows :
“ I never knew Mr. Hevener until long after the maturity of said note; indeed never saw him until after judgment was obtained against him in my favor, of which I received notice from Mathews & Mathews, my attorneys in the said action, neither of whom I ever saw. Sometime in the latter part of 1872, as I now recollect, Col. D. S. Hounshell being largely indebted to me, I wanted him, said Hounshell, to make some arrangement .to pay the same. Hounshell informed me that he had been in communication with a brother-in-law by the name of Uriah Henever, who was a man of fortune, and from whom he had assurances that he, the said Hevener, would furnish him money to pay off the entire claim, then about $5,250.00. He made a visit to said Hevener to see what he would do, as I now remember, but at any rate he, the said Hounshell, during the year 1872, presented me a letter from said Hevener directed to him, Hounshell, in which he, Hevener, said he could not then furnish the money, but would sign any obligation for said Hounshell and wife to pay the same one year after date, but finally agreed with Hounshell to sign the obligation for $3,000.00. I had nothing to do with it. Col. Hounshell afterwards, I think sometime in the spring of 1873, about February, 1873, presented me the note alluded to, signed by himself and wife, Lucy Hounshell, and by said Hevener. I afterwards had some correspondence with said Hevener, about one year thereafter, when said $3,000.00 obligation matured, but never had any before, and never saw said Hevener until after judgment was obtained in the Pocahontas circuit court, and my *499attorneys informed me that Hevener would pay the same in a few days. Within a day or two thereafter, Mr.' Hevener was introduced to me in Newport, by Col. Hounshell, told me he would like to make some arrangements for an extension of the said obligation.”
Being asked when and upon what consideration he released the vendor’s lien, he anwered:
“ I think it was November 6,1872,1 released thelien, and the consideration was a mortgage upon said premises for a like amount, with interest, divided into two notes, one of $3,000.00, and the second for $2,360.00, bearing date November 6, 1872.
“ Question — Is the $3,000.00 note mentioned in the mortgage from Hounshell and wife to you of November 6, 1872, the note, on which you have obtained judgment against the plaintiff in the circuit court of Pocahontas county, West Virginia?
“Answer — No, sir; Mr. Hevener’s note had nothing to do with it whatever. I understood that he (Hevener) was to pay me said amount of $3,000.00 and look to said Hounshell for reimbursement; that said Hounshell’s wife and said Hevener’s wife were sisters, and expected in the future something from their mother-in-law’s estate, but so far as Hevener s signing the note of $3,000.00 to me it was entirely a voluntary act of kindness to said Hounshell, and totally disconnected in any way with the transactions between Hounshell and myself for the purchase of the lot.
“ Question — Then you state that the $3,000.00 for which Hevener’s note was given was that amount Houn-shell owed you over and above the purchase on the lot?
“Answer — No, sir; I do not so state. Col. Houn-shell owed me the sum of about $5,360.00, but the note of Hevener and Hounshell and wife was delivered tome by Hounshell, in February, 1873, long after the transactions between Hounshell and myself.
“ Question — In case Hevener was to pay the judgment you have against him, would Hounshell be entitled to *500any credit on the purchase-money on the lot, or on either of the notes mentioned in the mortgage ? If so, how much ?
“ Answer — No, sir; Col. Hounshell would not, nor his wife.”
On the 28th day of March, 1877, interrogatories having been propounded to Berry he answered :
“ I never told Uriah Hevener that I got the $3,000.00 note discounted by the Clay Insurance Company. I told him positively it was done by Col. Hounshell through Col. Smalley, attorney for the company, with whom Col. H. was very intimate, butthe insurance company refused to take any but a first mortgage on the premises, to which I consented. This was an expedient of Col. Hounshell, resorted to because Uriah Hevener had failed to loan him some money as he had promised, Hevener assigning as a reason that he had been compelled to pay large security-debts at home with the money he had designed for Hounshell. I never had any talk with Hevener until after judgment against him in the Pocahontas circuit court, and that was in regard to giving him time for the payment of the judgment. Col. D. S. Hounshell got the exclusive benefit of the money. The loan was effected by Col. Hounshell through Col. Smalley, attorney for the company, and I knew nothing of it until Col. Hounshell informed me and requested me to give the company the first mortgage, as that was the only way he could get the money, showing me the letter, or reading to me part of a letter, I have forgotten which, from Hevener, in which he promised to give him a note of $3,000.00, payable in one year. The proceeds from the note discountéd with the Clay Insurance Company belonged to Col. Hounshell, and he got it. I had no right to apply Col. HounshelFs money to any account, nor did I apply it. I regarded it as his money, not mine.
Col. Hounshell owed me other money beside that due on the house. The note of Hevener came to me really *501as the consideration for releasing my lien and allowing Hounshell to give a first mortgage to the insurance company. Hounshell agreed that it I would allow his arrangement with the insurance company to be effected, he would give me the note of himself and wife, and of a rich brother-in-law in West Virginia, to wit, Mr. He-vener, who was willing to help him, and look to his honor and some expectancy of Mrs. Hounshell in her mother’s estate for reimbursement. This was the idea in Hevener’s letter, as I now remember, to Hounshell. Should I receive the amount of the judgment against Hevener, I will credit Hounshell with the same, and there will be a balance still due me from Hounshell.
“ I knew from a letter or letters of Hevener to Col. Hounshell that Hevener proposed to loan Col. Houn-shell money, and look to his ultimate success in his profession, and to certain means that Mrs. Hounshell expected from her mother’s estate in Virginia for the payment thereof. Hevener never expected any security on the house for the money loaned. He told me when he came to Newport after the judgment against him in the Pocahontas circuit court, that his only object was to aid Col. Hounshell, who was his connection and warm personal friend; that he had always intended to pay it, and that all he wanted now was a little time, as he had been paying some security-debts at home; that he had confidence that Hounshell was an honorable man, and would repay him, but never once alluded to the idea that he claimed anything against the house and lo(. He said when he sold certain fat cattle he then had on hand he would pay me every dollar. I never understood that he had any connection with the house and lot, or expected to be reimbursed from that source.”
The following is what Hevener filed with his depositions as a copy of the letter written him by Hounshell, enclosing the note which Hevener signed, and upon which judgment was rendered :
“My Dear Sir : The above are copies of the four *502original notes. I also enclose you a note I gave for the three first notes, taking them up. This note was discounted by the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Company by my paying ten per cent, interest for the current year in advance of the maturity of the note. If you will help me to meet this $3,000.00 note, I can take care of the one thousand dollar note which Berry still holds. Be so good as to write me without delay on receipt of this letter. I thought when 1 wrote you from Greenbrier I told you all about my affairs. I recollect I did not write you why I did not live in the house I bought for $3,000.00 in 1869. It was this — the title was defective. The house I bought then I lived in for the period of about one month. My house is worth $6,000.00 and is a good bargain at that price. I mean the house bought ot Berry; and you will understand I own no other. This house I have bad conveyed to Lue, as you are aware. .1 was compelled to give Mr. Berry some payments on these notes, and that explains why I enclose you the $.3,00p.00 note. I am more hopeful, as I gain practice with time. The children all have chicken-pox, and Lue has a fine son ; she calls him William Aubray Hounshell. Write me at your earliest convenience, and believe me ever your friend.”
“D. S. HOUNSHELL.”
The copies of the four original notes, which were enclosed, were simply promissory notes, for $1,000.00 each, signed by Hounshell and wife, payable to Berry or order, dated, Newport, December 31, 1869, and due, respectively, one, two, three and four years after date. There is no date to the letter.
Thus summarizing the whole evidence in the case, we see, that whilst neither Hevener nor Berry is impeached, but both stand before us as truthful men, yet Berry has contradicted the testimony of Hevener in some points by his own testimony, as, for instance, that he had told Hevener, that of the $3,000.00 obtained from the insurance company, lie, Berry, had gotten $2,000.00, and *503Hounshell $700.00. Bei’ry says, “Col. D. S. Hounshell got the exclusive benefit of the money.” The allegata' of the bills having been directly by Berry denied, Hev-ener must prove his case, by plain, unmistakable and indisputable testimony, or show such circumstances as will indubitably connect Berry with the alleged fraud. I do not think the evidence does so. On the contrary, it shows a kind and good intention on the part of both, Hevener and Berry, to assist Hounshell and wife. Houn-shell may have taken advantage of Hevener in procuring' his name to the note; and Hevener may have supposed that he would be secure in the vendor’s lien > but he was not vigilant, he should not have presumed, that he was safely shielded by a supposed existence of a lien, but he should have, as a prudent business man, looked, before he gave his name and have seen whether such a lien existed or not. His own testimony shows, that he was indifferent as to that, and without solicitation from Berry he sent to Hounshell the letter, advising him to sell the house, and if he could not sell it, then he says, “see the man you purchased from, and if he does not need the money and will take me as security, I will endorse the bonds that are unpaid. Irefer them to William L. Jackson, oj your State or JR. P. Camden, of West Virginia. Camden is president of the National Exchange Bank of Weston, West Virginia. If the money is not needed, I know this can be done. Do your best to save it.” This was October 7,1872, and was the letter that Hounshell showed to Berry, when he urged Berry to release the vendor’s lien, novate the purchase-money notes, and to take a mortgage on the property, and to permit Hounshell to negotiate the $3,000.00 note through the insurance company. That letter corroborated Hounshell’s assertions to Berry, that if Berry would give the company the first mortgage to enable him to get the money, he, Hounshell, and wife would give Berry their note for $3,000.00 with Hevener as surety, whom he represented to be very rich. Hevener admits, that the whole transaction on his part, *504as to giving the note, was brought about solely byHoun- ‘ shell, and not by Berry.
Now it may be true, that Hounshell took advantage of Hevener in the premises, but there is no evidence, that Berry was cognizant of it. Whilst on the other hand Hevener by his letter to Hounshell, it appears, enabled Hounshell to induce Berry to change his affair as vendor, by aggregating the principal and interest of the purchase-money, and releasing the vendor’s lien, so that Hounshell could have the benefit of the new arrangement by borrowing from Berry the $3,000.00 note which was secured by the mortgage and endorsed by Berry, and by it negotiate a loan from the insurance company.
It is plain, that Berry at the earnest solicitation of Hounshell, who was thus backed by his brother-in-law, and • who indicated by his letters’ so great a desire to help Hounshell, was induced to give Hounshell all the time that Hevener’s letter asked for, and that too, three months before the note was signed by Hevener. He not only gave the time requested in consideration of the personal security, but he also assisted Hounshell in procuring the money he needed for present necessities. Hevener asked for one year. By the novation, of the notes, one year’s time was given, and Hounshell by the new arrangement was through the kindness of Berry assisted to the use of $3,000.00 more money by having the benefit of the mortgage note, and for which Berry, not Hevener, was liable by virtue of his endorsement to the company. Berry had thus surrendered $3,000.00 of the purchase-money to Hounshell for which he had not received one cent, and which he- was liable to have to pay to the insurance company in consequence of his endorsement, if Hounshell did not meet it. But if Hounshell did meet it, then it would still leave him in debt to Berry $3,000.00, and interest from date of note, because the note thus negotiated with the insurance company was, in fact, the evidence of that much money due Berry from, Hou,nshell and wife on the purchase of the *505house and lot, but never paid to Berry. Taking that phase of the case as true, and the evidence certainly thus presents it, it is plain that Havener’s note was given by Hounshell to Berry as security for the $3,000.00, in consideration of which arrangement, as Berry testifies to, he released the vendor’s lien and took from Hounshell and wife their individual notes, secured by mortgage, and gave to Hounshell the use of the mortgage $3,000.00 note.
It is plain that if Hounshell paid back to the insurance company the $3,000.00, and also paid to Berry the face of the note, that then Berry would have no right to claim from Hevener the payment of the note he signed, but that note under such circumstances should be surrendered up to Hevener cancelled, but vice versa if Hounshell paid the insurance company, and failed to pay Berry the mortgage-note he had the use of, until both the company and Berry were paid the mortgage-note by Hounshell, Hevener would be responsible under his note to Berry, and if under such a state of the affair, Hevener did have to pay Berry, and if upon payment thereof, Hevener would be entitled to substitution to the mortgage lien, that would be a matter between Hevener and Hounshell, but with which Berry would have nothing to do, and affords no grounds why Berry should be hindered in the collection of his debt, and the injunction continued in force.
I am therefore of opinion that the decree of the circuit-court of Pocahontas county of May 3, 1877, should be reversed, the injunction dissolved and the original and amended bills dismissed at the costs of the appellee.
GreeN, President:I agree with Brother Moore that the circuit court properly overruled the demurrers to the original and amended bills. When the original bill was filed the plaintiff did not know all the facts, and stated his ease/t-here-*506fore, but partially. Still on the facts stated in the original bill he was clearly entitled to relief. The first amended bill states all the facts as proven, and also certain other matters as facts which . are not established by the proof. These additional statements not proven were given a prominence by the plaintiff in his original and first amended bill, which they did not have properly; and' influenced by this the plaintiff did not make the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Company a party defendant to the amended bill. The circuit court, however, had a much clearer view of the rights of the plaintiff on the facts stated in the amended bill, than the counsel of the plaintiff had; and it properly diiected the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Company to be made a defendant; and a second amended bill was filed making this company a defendant, and it filed its answer. The facts stated in the first amended bill clearly entitled the plaintiff to relief in equity. The prayer of the amended bill is, that the house and lot of Lucy Hounshell may be sold to' pay the unpaid purchase-money, for which the plaintiff was security and for general relief.
The circuit court, as its final decree shows, did not think that the plaintiff was entitled to the specific relief prayed for, but that the plaintiff would have a right to subject this house and lot to pay this purchase-money, when he had first himself paid it, and not before. Such relief is clearly not inconsistent with that prayed for, and would properly be furnished under the prayer for general relief; and the court therefore properly declined to permit a third amended bill to be filed. The decree of the circuit court is based on no facts not stated in the pleadings, though in rendering it the court obviously regarded as unimportant certain facts stated in the bill and amended bill, which were not satisfactorily proven- The circuit court did not forget that “no facts' are properly in issue, unless charged in the bill, and of course no proofs can generally be offered of facts not in the bill, nor can relief be granted for matters no.t charged, *507although they may be apparent from other facts, of pleading and evidence. For the court pronounces its' decree secundum allegata et probata. Story’s Eq. Plead, sec. 257 ; Cooper’s Eq. Plead, pp. 5-7, sec.’28.” The final decree rendered in this cause by the circuit court was based entirely on facts alleged in the pleadings, and on no other facts. In truth no other facts were attempted to be proven. The alleging of- various other facts in the pleadings, which the court regarded as unimportant, if they were really so, would not vitiate its decree.
I concur also in the propositions of law laid down by Brother Moore in the beginning of his opinion, on which he bases the conclusions he reaches. They are in fact propositions of law properly deduced from my opinion in Warren et al v. Branch et al., 15 W. Va. 21. But I differ with him as to the facts proven in this case and the application of this law to the facts proven. As I understand the facts proven these legal propositions have no application in this case.
What are the important facts proven in this case? They are as follows:
1st. The note for $3,000.00 dated November 6, 1872, signed by D. S. Hounshell, Lucy Hounshell and the plaintiff, Uriah Hevener, payable to Albert S. Berry or order one year after date and bearing ten per cent interest from maturity, the collection of which was enjoined in this suit, was signed by the plaintiff, Uriah Hevener; as collateral security for this amount of the unpaid purchase-money due on the house and lot of his sister-in-law, Lucy Hounshell, in consideration that Albert S. Berry, the vendor, would give time on this amount of the purchase-money then due and not insist then on a sale of his sister-in-law’s house to pay this unpaid purchase-money. The evidence beyond controversy establishes this fact. This fact, is proved first by the deposition of Uriah Hevener. He says : “Hounshell told me he had several important cases, in which he was to get large fees; that they would be decided in twelve months, *508and he would then get the money to pay for this house, and I went on the note to give him further time.” It is obvious from this that he signed this note to get time on the payment of-the purchase-money of a house, which had been conveyed to his sister-in-law, and that he was induced to do so by her husband saying he could himself make the payment of this purchase-money in a year.
2d. This fact is proven by the correspondence between Hounshell and Hevener. What was probably the first letter which passed between these parties bears no date ; but it was written by Hounshell to Hevener and enclosed a power of attorney to be signed by Hevener, authorizing Hounshell to endorse his, Hevener’s, name on the notes executed by. Hounshell to Albert S. Berry, describing them and saying : “The same being for the purchase-money of the house said Hounshell purchased of said Berry in Newport, Campbell county, Kentucky, wherein said Hounshell now lives.’’ This was the house, which had been conveyed to Mrs. Hounshell, the sister-in-law of Hevener. He did not sign this power of attorney. The next letter was written by Hevener to Hounshell, in which he says: “ I now advise you to sell it (this house) if you can. If you cannot sell it, then see the man you purchased from, and if he does not need the money and will take me as security, I will endorse the bonds that are unpaid. If the money is not needed, I know this can be done. Do your best to save it.” This letter clearly shows, that in this arrangement he was willing to become bound for this unpaid purchase-money, in order that he might save the house of his sister-in-law. This letter is dated October 7, 1872. The next letter is written by Hevener to Hounshell and is dated October 20, 1873, but is proved to be intended for October 20, 1872. In it he says : “ I hope you will succeed in making a loan or arrangements, by which you can save your house, and if you can do no better, I hope you can sell it again.” In this letter he also says: “ I am sorry you are ahout to tail in your loan, and I greatly fear nothing *509can be done by myself.” The next letter was written by Hounshell to Hevener. It bears-no date, but was writ-' ten sometime between November 6, 1872, and February 10, 1873, when it was replied to. In this letter Houn-shell enclosed the note for |3,000.00 to Hevener, which he signed, and which is copied above, it being the note, the collection of which is enjoined in this suit. It also enclosed a copy of a note signed by Houn-shell and wife, dated November 6, 1872, payable one year after date to A. S. Berry or order, and bearing ten per cent, per annum interest after maturity. This note is an exact copy of the note, the collection of which is enjoined in this suit. It was given in lieu of three of the other notes, which had b.een given for the purchase-money of the house; and it was on this 6th of November, 1872, discounted by the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Who received the benefit of this discount is a disputed point betweeen the parties. This letter also enclosed copies of the original notes given for the purchase-money of this house which were taken up by this $3,000.00 note dated November 6, 1872, and which last note was discounted by the Clay Fire Insurance Co. The letter of Hounshell to Hevener enclosing these documents, says in explanation : “The above are copies of the four original notes. I enclose you a note, (he means a copy of a note) I gave for the three first notes, taking them up. This note was discounted by the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co., by my paying ten per cent, for the interest in advance of the maturity of the note. If you will help me to meet this $3,000.03 note I can take care of the $1,000.00 note Berry still holds.” This letter shows clearly, that Hevener was asked to sign the note for $3,000.00, the collection of which was enjoined in this suit, to help Hounshell to pay a $3,000.00 note, which had been given for a part of the unpaid purchase-money of the house of Hevener’s sister-in-law, and which note had been discounted by the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Of course Hevener could not have been *510understood from this letter otherwise, than that this note had been discounted for the use of Berry. It was payable to him, he had, as Hevener was informed, been urging the payment of this |3,000.00 secured by this note, and of course when Hevener was informed it was discounted, he could not but infer it was done for the benefit of the owner of the note. He was of course induced to believe, that Berry had got the money he wanted, and what Hevener was asked to do was to sign a note for a like amount, payable in one year, and to help Houn-shell to pay this note held by the Clay Mutual Fire and Marine Company, which was given for unpaid purchase-money due pn his sister-in-law’s house. He had promised to go security for this unpaid purchase-money in his letter of October 7, if time was given; and it having been given in this manner, it was proper for him to sign the $3,000.00 note. This he did, and enclosed it in a letter dated February'10, 1873, to Houn-shell. In this letter he says: “I received your letter and bond for $3,000.00, endorsed by yourself and Lucy Hounshell. I also endorse the bond, and herewith enclose the same.'’ This letter proves that Hevener signed this note of $3,000.00, to obtain one year’s time on the payment of this unpaid purchase-money due on the house of his sister-in-law. This is all the correspondence between the parties; and it clearly shows that this was the sole object that induced Hevener to sign this note.
3d. This fact is also distinctly proven by Hounshell in his deposition. He says: “ In the latter part of -August, or early in September, 1872, I went to Mr. Hevener’s residence iu Pocahontas county, to ask a loan of money from him to make a payment to Mr. A. S. Berry upon my house in Newport, Ky. He expressed a willingness to aid me, but said he had no money whatever at that time.” He then states an effort, that he made to borrow the money, which he wanted to make this payment on this house, of Mr. Bierne, of Monroe county, and his failure; and that having written Mr. *511Hevener that he had failed, Hevener replied by the letter before referred to of October 20, 1872. The letter of October 7, 1872, he not only showed to Mr. Berry but left it in his possession. He says: “1 herewith file a letter from Mr. Hevener bearing date October 7, 1872, which letter, I was under the impression, was still in Mr. Berry’s possession. It must have been returned by Mr. Berry to me, as I have found it among my papers since filing the above exhibits; or there may have been another also written which I delivered to Mr. Berry.” Probably there was not any other letter than those above referred to, as in another part of his deposition he says : “ These with the letter Mr. Berry received from me contain all my correspondence, as I remember.” If there was any other letter given by Hounshell to Berry written by Hevener, its contents were substantially the same as this letter of October 7, 1872, for Hounshell in his deposition says: “ I received a letter from Mr. Hevener, in which he voluntarily offered to pay off my indebtedness to Berry, if the latter would wait one year, and expressed in that letter his willingness to sign any obligations to Berry. I gave this letter to Berry, and he expressed himself satisfied, and the note was accordingly forwarded to Mr. Hevener by mail,”. This letter, given to Berry Hounshell believes was probably the one dated October 7, 1872; but if not, it was another of similar import, which is not at all probable. It is therefore obvious that according to Hounshell’s evidence this note was signed by Hevener in consideration of Berry’s waiting a year for this much of the unpaid purchase-money on the house of his sister-in-law, and was given as collateral security for the note or notes represen ting this unpaid purchase-money.
Fourthly. This fact is finally proven by the answer of Berry himself to the original bill, sworn to. It is true, that he says that one of the objects of Hounshell in getting Hevener to sign this $3,000.00 note was to get him, Berry, to release the lien, which Berry had on *512this house, for the unpaid purchase-money. But he does not pretend to say that this was any part of the consideration which induced Hevener to sign this note. He says in this answer : “ D. S. Hounshell told him if he would release the lien retained in the deed for said property to secure the unpaid purchase money, he could and would with the help of Hevener pay him the sum of |3,000.00 upon said property; and thereupon on the 6th of Novomber, 1872, he released the lien retained, as shown by the deed and endorsement thereon ; and a month or two after said Hounshell brought him the note for $3,000.00, signed by himself, wife and Uriah Hev-ener, which he accepted.” This statement, as I will presently show, was not true, but in it there is a substantial admission that this $3,000.00 note, the collection of which was enjoined, was signed by Hevener as apart of the purchase-money due on the house of his sister-in-law, which is the fact, which I am now showing is fully proven.
2d. It is a fact satisfactorily established by the evidence in this case, that Albert S. Berry knew, that Hevener signed this $3,000.00 note to him in consideration of a year’s time being extended on that much of the purchase-money on his sister-in-law’s house then due. This is distinctly admitted by Berry himself. In his deposition he says: “Sometime in the latter part of 1872, as I now recollect, Col. D. S. Hounshell being largely indebted to me, I wanted him, said Hounshell, to make some arrangement to pay the same. He informed me, that he had been in communication with a brother-in-law, Uriah Hevener, who was a man of fortune, and from whom he had assurances, that he, the said Heve-ner, would furnish him money to pay off the entire claim, then about $2,500.00. He made a visit to said Hevener to see what he would do, as I now remember, but at any rate he, the said Hounshell, during the year 1872 presented me a letter from said Hevener directed to him, Hounshell, in which he, Hevener, said he could *513not then furnish the money, but would sign any obligation for said Hounshell ■ and wife to pay the same one' year after date, but finally agreed with Hounshell to sign the obligation for $3,000.00. I had nothing to do with it. Col. Hounshell afterwards some time in the spring of 1873, about February, 1873, presented me the note alluded to signed by himself and wife, Lucy Houn-shell, and by said Hevener.” The indebtedness alluded to in this deposition, the postponement of the enforcement of which for one year, it is admitted, was the consideration, which induced Hevener to sign this note of $3,000.00 as collateral security for that much of this indebtedness, was the balance of the unpaid purchase-money due on the house of Lucy Hounshell, the sister: in-law of Hevener. . This is distinctly admitted in the answer of Berry to the amended bill. It is stated in this deposition to be about $5,250.00; its exact amount on November 6, 1872, as appears from the answer of Berry to this amended bill and the mortgage filed, was $5,360.00. The letter referred to in Berry’s deposition as having been shown to him by Hounshell was doubtless Hevener’s letter of October 7, 1872, which, Houn-shell proves he not only showed to him but left with him. Berry’s deposition shows, that he understood well its contents, and that Hevener was willing to give his note as collateral security for $3,000.00 of the unpaid purchase-money then due on the house of his sister-in-law, if he would not enforce the payment of the unpaid purchase-money fora year,- that he agreed to this, and that this $3,000.00 note payable in one year was thereupon signed by Hevener as collateral security for this much of the unpaid purchase-money.
3d. It is a fact established beyond controversy by the evidence, that for the whole of this unpaid purchase-money on this house of Lucy Hounshell there was from the time the house was purchased, is now, and always has been a lien on this house. It is true, that Berry in his answer to the original bill does say, that on the 6th *514of November, 1872, he released the lien on this house, which had been retained on the face of the deed for the whole of the unpaid purchase-money. But his answer to the amended bill, also sworij, to and agreed to be received as his deposition, also shows, that this statement in his answer is not really true, but that it appeared to be only formally true by the suppression of facts after-wards discovered. His statement in his answer to the original bill, that he had released this lien on the 6th day of November, 1872, was substantially false and was made to appear to be true only by the suppression of facts well known to him. He well knew that the release he executed was merely formal. At the same time this release was executed, and as a part of the same transaction, a mortgage was executed to secure the whole of the unpaid purchase-money upon the same property, upon which the vendor’s lien had been retained, as appears on the face of the mortgage. The form of this lien was changed; but the substance of it was continued.
4th. It is a fact, that on the 6th day of November, 1872, after the plaintiff, Hevener, had agreed to sign anote as collateral security for the unpaid purchase-money on this house of his sister-in-law, if time was given for its payment, Albert S. Berry, the vendor,, and Lucy Hounshell, the vendee,- and her husband, agreed to divide the whole of the unpaid purchase-money in this house into two payments, one of $3,000.00 to be paid in one year, and the other for $2,360.00 to be paid in eighteen months, and that the vendor’s lien, which had been retained, should be released by Berry, and that Lucy S. Hounshell and her husband, D. S. Hounshell, should at the same time sign two notes payable to Berry for these two portions of the unpaid purchase-money and secure them by mortgage on this house, and also sign a third note corresponding precisely with the $3,000.00 note, a part of the purchase-money of this house, secured by this mortgage, and that this last note should be sent to the plaintiff, Hevener, for *515his signature as collateral security for that portion 'of the purchase-money represented by the $3,000.00 note se-1 cured by the mortgage. And this mortgage and these three notes were all at the same time and as a part.of the same transaction signed by Lucy S. Hounshell and H. S. Hounshell, and the release of the vendor's lien was at the same time and as a part of the same transaction signed by Berry. These facts abundantly appear by the face of the mortgage and by the three notes, 'all of these instruments being signed by H. S. Hounshell and Lucy S. Hounshell, his wife, and all bearing date at the same time, and the two notes of $3,000.00 each being identical in amount, date, party to whom payable and the day on which they were payable. The answer of Berry to the amended bill admits that the mortgage, the release of the vendor’s-lien and the execution of the two notes secured by- the mortgage were parts and parcels of the same transaction. And the other $3,000.00 note being dated the same day and there being no proof, when it was signed by Monnshpll and wife, must of course be presumed to have been signed on that day by them. And it being payable - to Berry and corresponding in all respects with one of the notes secured by the mortgage, it must be presumed to have been a part and parcel of the transaction, and when sent to the plaintiff, Hevener, afterwards by mail and signed by him, it must be regarded as executed by him as of the same time, the day it bears date. These facts make the inference inevitable, that all the parties regarded this note of $3,000.00, signed by Hevener as collateral security for the other $3,000.00 note. The letter -of H. C. Hounshell to Hevener enclosing this $3,000.00 note for his signature proves beyond controversy, that this was their understanding. He says in this letter: “ I also enclose you a note (meaning a copy of a note) I gave for the three first notes (of $1,000.00 each). If you will help me to meet this $3,000.00 note, I can take care of the $1,000.00 note Berry still holds.” Clearly all pai’*516ties understood that this $3,000.00 note, which-had been signed by Hounshell and wife, and which in this letter was sent to Hevener, was a collateral security for the $3,000.00 note corresponding precisely with it, a copy of which was enclosed, and which note was stated to be a part of the purchase-money of the house and was in fact secured by this mortgage, though this was not mentioned in the letter nor then known to Hevener.
These four facts, which are clearly established beyond controversy, are all the facts necessary to sustain the plaintiffs equity. If Berry had continued to be the holder of the $3,000.00 note secured by the mortgage on this house, there could be no question, but that, if the plaintiff, Hevener, paid him the corresponding $3,000.00 note, which was taken as collateral security for this note secured by this mortgage, he, the plaintiff, would have a right to b.e substituted to the benefit of this mortgage given by his principals- Can it in any manner vary his rights, that Berry with or without his knowledge assigned this $3,000.00 note secured by the mortgage on the day it bore date or at any other time to the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co., or that.this company disclaim any interest in this $3,000.00 note signed by Hevener as collateral security and look only to the mortgage, the makers of the note and Berry, who endorsed it to the company? This $3,000.00 note signed by Hevener must still stand as collateral security to save Berry, if he shall be compelled to pay the $3,000.00 note secured by the mortgage. In case Berry did have it to pay, and Hevener had to pay his collateral note of $3,000.00 to Berry, of course Hevener would be substituted to the benefit of the mortgage given on this house to secure the primary note of $3,000.00. It is obvious, that these rights of the plaintiff, Hevener, could in no manner be affected by the fact, that when Berry assigned the primary note of $3,000.00 secured by the mortgage, the consideration was with his assent and direction paid to some third person or to D. S. Hounshell,one *517of the drawers of this note, whether with or without the knowledge of Hevener. Nor would it make any differ-' ence in the rights of the plaintiff, Hevener, whether he knew or was ignorant, when he signed this collateral note, that his principals had given a vendor’s lien or a mortgage to secure the primary note. He is entitled to be substituted, if he pays this collateral note, to all the securities, which his principals have given to secure the primary note, though he was ignorant, when he signed the collateral note, that any such security had been given, and though he had been entirely willing to sign the collateral note without the primary note being in any manner secured by his principals.
Much evidence has been taken in reference to these various questions; but they all seem to me entirely immaterial. The only important question is: “ Was this $3,000.00 note signed by Hevener understood by the parties to the transaction as collateral security for a portion of the purchase-money due on this house ? I have reviewed the evidence on this point, and am satisfied that it was so understood by all parties, Hevener, Hounshell and Berry. I have shown, that this is not only abundantly proved by the evidence, but that it is substantially admitted by Berry in his deposition. It is true that finding, despite all the irrelevant testimony on other points stated in the bill and amended bill, that at last the case must turn on this point, whether the note signed by the plaintiff was or was not collateral security for a previous debt Berry, in his answer to the amended bill, -which was also agreed to be considered as a deposition, expressly denies that the $3,000.00 note signed by Hevener was collateral security for an existing debt. This answer Bro. Moore considers as uncon-tradicted, and entitled to full credit, and on it his view of the case is based. We have shown that on this point this answer is abundantly contradicted by the other evidence.
Let us now consider, how much weight its state-*518menf's are entitled to, considered as though given in the deposition of Berry. I do not regard his statements 011 this point as entitled to the same weight as that of a disinterested witness given in a deposition. In the first place he is directly and deeply interested in the matter, concerning which he testifies; secondly, he has not been subjected to any cross-examination, but has prepared deliberately and carefully this statement as an answer; and lastly, there is much in the record to show, that his statements are worthy of but little credit, and should be adopted only after careful consideration, qí their character, and only then, when probable, or at least consistent with the facts of the case. In his answer to the original bill sworn to by him, we have seen, he stated positively, that his lien on this house was released on November 6, 1872; but we have seen, that afterwards, when the real facts had become known to the plaintiff, he admits that this is substantially false, and that in truth the lien had never been released, but simply the form of it had been changed. He is a lawyer, and must have known, that this statement in his answer was calculated to deceive, as it doubtless was intended to.
In his answer to the amended bill he positively asserts, that when he assigned the $3,000.00, a part of the unpaid purchase-money secured by a mortgage on this house, he permitted Hounshell to receive from the,as-signee the whole amount of the consideration paid for this note by the assignee. This statement is under the circumstances appearing in this ease improbable. If it were true, it must have been known to his partner, Hounshell, who received all this money, Berry says. But he, Hounshell, did not say one word on the subject, when his deposition was taken in behalf of Berry. Berry in his deposition admits that he wanted his unpaid purchase-money on this house paid, and called on Hounshell to make arrangements to pay it; and Houn-shell was not prepared .to pay it then and wanted time. When then the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co. *519discounted this note for $3,000.00 given for a part of this unpaid purchase-money, on which a year’s time had been given, it seems natural, that Berry would take the proceeds of this discount. He would then have gotten his money, which he wanted, and Hounshell the time he needed; and Berry would have been rendered entirely safe in the transaction by taking as collateral security for the risk he ran by endorsing this $3,000.00 note a like note for a like sum, payable at the same time, signed by Hevener, a perfectly responsible man.
Hevener in his deposition says: “Berry told him that he had gotten $2,000.00 out-of $3,000.00 from the insurance company, that Hounshell had gotten $700.00, and that the insurance company had retained $300.00 for one year’s interest.” This seems more probable, than that Hounshell got the whole proceeds of this note of Berry’s, as Berry now says. Again the statement of the occasion for Hevener’s signing this $3,000.00, as stated in the answer of Berry to the amended bill, is, that Hounshell told him he was greatly in need of money and was anxious to effect a loan of $3,000.00; that he could get said sum upon loan from the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Co., provided he could secure it by a first mortgage upon this house, and proposed that Berry should release his mortgage, and he would give him in its stead Uriah Hevener as personal security for this amount, and that he Berry consented to this arrangement.
The inference from this statement is, that Berry never heard of Hevener in this transaction, till this arrangment was about to be made, which -was-on November 6, 1872. But we know this is not true; for Berry in his deposition stated, that when he had urged Hounshell to pay this unpaid purchase-money, he went to West Virginia to see if he could get Hevener’s assistance; and this visit, Hounshell says, was made in the latter part of August or early in September, 1872, more than two months before the time, when from the answer of Berry he would now have us to believe,- he first heard of Hev-*520ener in connection with this transaction. We must.too infer from this transaction, as stated by Berry in his answer to the amended bill, that when he made this arrangement with the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Company on November 6, 1872, he relied solely on the statements of Hounshell as to what Hevener would be willing to do. This, we know, is not true. In an answer to an interrogatory afterwards propounded to him, Bei-ry says, that when this arrangement for this loan was being made, “ Hounshell showed him, Berry, a letter, or read to him a part of a letter, he had forgotten which, from Hevener, in which he promised to give him a note of $3,000.00.” And again in answer to another interrogatory he says : “ Hounshell agreed, that if I would allow the arrangement with the insurance company to be effected, he would give me the note of himself and wife and of a rich brother-in-law in West Virginia, to wit, Mr. Hevener, who was willing to help him, and look to his honor and some expectancy of Mrs. Houn-shell in her mother’s estate for reimbursement. This was the idea in Hevener’s letter, as I now remember, to Hounshell.”
While it is doubtless true, that a letter from Hevener to Hounshell was shown Berry, as Hounshell testifies to his having not only shown him a letter from Hevener but as having left the letter in Berry’s possession, yet it is not probable, that it was not shown to him till November 6, 1872, as the letter is produced, and is dated October 7, 1872. The contents of this letter too, which have been before stated by me, are entirely different from what they are represented by Berry. No such ideas, as he says were in this letter, are to be found in it. Nor did Hevener ever write a letter to Hounshell containing any such ideas, for Hounshell testifies, that the letters he produces are all he ever got from Hevener on the subject. It is not probable, that Hounshell imposed on his partner, Berry, as to what his brother-in-law, Hevener, was willing to do, especially when, we know, *521he showed to Berry a letter from Hevener, which would have prevented him from’succeeding in such imposition. It is more probable, that Berry and Hounshell, partners and astute lawyers, would impose on Hevener, an ignorant farmer.
Again if, as Berry says in his answer to the amended bill, he agreed with Hounshell to release his vendor’s lien on this house, in order that Hounshell by giving a mortgage on it might borrow $3,000.00, and he did this in consideration of Hounshell promising in lieu of his vendor’s lien to give Hevener as personal security for the $3,000.00 of the purchase-money of this house, how would such an arrangement be naturally carried out? Would it not be by the surrender by Berry of those of the notes of $1,000.00 each, given for a part of the unpaid purchase-money, and then by Hounshell drawing an ordinary note for the $3,000.00 he wanted to borrow and securing this note given for this money borrowed by a mortgage on this house ? But this was not done. On the contrary the $3,000.00 actually secured by this mortgage, as the mortgage itself expressly says, was a note given for a part of the unpaid purchase-money of this house.
This statement in the mortgage itself in my judgment discredits the statements of Berry in his answer to the amended bill. It is impossible under such circumstances to place implicit faith in the statements contained in this answer. But we are under no necessity to determine how much truth there is in these statements. For if all the facts stated in this answerwere true, they would of themselves prove, that this $3,000.00 note secured by Hevener was given as collateral security for the $3,000.00 note of same date and payable on the same day, given by Hounshell and wife to Berry, and by him assigned to the Clay Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Tl)is answer states, that the $3,000.00 note signed by Hounshell and wife and by Hevener was given for a part of the unpaid purchase-money of this house, and the note for *522$3,000.00 given the same day and signed by Hounshell and wife and secured by a mortgage was also given for the same unpaid part of the purchase-money, as is expressly stated on the face of the mortgage.
There being then two notes given for this $3,000.00, one signed by the parties, who owed the debt, and the other by them and a stranger, both of these notes can not be primary debts. One of them must necessarily be collateral. Of course the note signed by the parties, who owed the debt, and secured by the mortgage must as a legal conclusion be regarded as the primary debt, and the other note as only a collateral security. The payment of either one of these $3,000.00 notes must necessarily destroy the other, so far as the payee or his assignee is concerned; for they were admittedly given for one and the same debt, apart of the unpaid purchase-money. The position of Berry’s counsel, even if we admit his version of the case to be true, is illogical and cannot be sustained. This position is, that both the $3,000.00 notes may be legally collected of the makers by the payee or his assignee, though it is not denied, that they were given for one and the same debt.
For these reasons the decree of the circuit court of the 3d of May, 1877, must be affirmed; and the appellant must pay to the appellee his costs in this suit expended and $30.00 damages.
Judges Haymohd and JOHNSON CoNcurked with Judge GreeN.Degree AeeiUmed.