The first question to be decided is: Has this Court jurisdiction to hear and determine this case ? The jurisdiction of this Court is declared in the Acts of 1882, chapter one hundred and fifty-six, section four. There are but two provisions in this statute conferring appellate jurisdiction on this Court, which it would be possible for any one to imagine conferred jurisdiction in this case on this Court. These provisions are: “ Their appellate jurisdiction shall extend to civil cases when the matter in controversy exclusive of costs, is of greater value or amount than $100.00second, “in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of land.” Neither of these clauses gives this Court jurisdiction in this case. To give this Court jurisdiction not only must the matter in controversy in the suit, on which the judgment was rendered, be of the value of $100.00 exclusive of costs, but the controversy in relation to the matter of that value must be continued by the writ of error. (See Rymer v. Hawkins et al., 18 W. Va. 309, syl. 1, and 316 et seq; Bee v. Burdett, 23 W. Va. 748; Neal v. Van Winkle, 24 W. Va. 404; McKinney v. Kirk & Bro., 9 W. Va. 32.)
TJpon a writ of error by the defendant in this case the matter continued in controversy in this Court is only the amount of the judgment rendered by the court on December 8,1882, that is, $12.00 with interest from that date and the costs of the defendant below. (Lewis v. Long, 3 Munf. 136 and other cases cited in Rymer v. Hawkins et al., 18 W. Va. 316 et seq.) Nor has this Court any jurisdiction by virtue of the second clause above quoted ; for this is not a controversy concerning the title or boundaries of land. It is true, that the bills of exception in this case show, that the title and bounds of the tract of land named in the declaration, for the breach of the close of which this action was brought, were drawn in question, the defendant by his evidence showing, that he claimed, that he and not the plaintiff had title to this land. “ But in this action of trespass guare clausum fregit damages only are recovered; and although the, title or bounds of land may be incidentally and. collaterally brought in question, yet the value of the matter in controversy is from the very nature of the action the value of the damages sustained by the trespass;
*89and this, when the title or bounds of land may be drawn in question, as well as when it may in no manner be had in the dispute.” The above language is quoted from Judge Cabell’s opinion in Hutchison v. Kellam and Lymbrich v. Seldon, 3 Munf. 215-6; and I adopt it as expressing my views. In those cases it was decided (Syl. 2, 3 Munf. 202): “ If in an action of trespass quare clausum fregit the damages recovered be less than $100.00, the defendant can not appeal to the court of appeals; notwithstanding it appears from the record that the title or bounds of lands were drawn in question.” The law there conferred jurisdiction on the court of appeals in civil cases, when the matter in controversy exclusive of costs was of greater value or amount than $100.00, and in controversies concerning the title or boundaries of land. The language conferring this appellate jurisdiction was almost identical with the first and second clauses of the Acts of West Virginia of Í882, chapter one hundred and fifty-six, and section four, as above quoted, conferring appellate jurisdiction on this Court as appears from said cases. But there also then existed another provision of law conferring jurisdiction, if a judgment be for a freehold or franchise. This has been omitted from our statute-law. Because it ■was in the law, when these old Virginia eases were decided, Judge Coulter was of opinion, that the court of appeals had jurisdiction in these causes. But the other judges thought, that despite this provision the Court had no jurisdiction in any case of trespass quare clausum fregit, in which the judgment was for less than $100.00, and the writ of error was sought on behalf of the defendant. This conclusion or its equivalent has been frequently approved by a number of subsequent cases in the Virginia court of appeals. (Skipwith v. Young, 5 Munf. 279; Umbarger v. Walls, 25 Grat. 177 et seq.; Clark v. Brown, 8 Grat. 549.)
Upon reason as well as on the express authority of these cases it seems to me obvious, that this Court has no jurisdiction in this case, the judgment rendered against the plaintiff in error being less than $100.00. If the judgment had exceeded $100.00 in amount, this Court would have had jurisdiction ; but even then we could not have considered the case on its merits. For even had we been of opinion, that all the in*90structions, which the court refused to grant the defendant,below ought to have been given, we would nevertheless have been obliged to refuse to set aside the judgment below and award a new trial to the defendant, because he did not ask the court below to grant him a new trial, and as an appellate court we could not have decided; that he was entitled to a new trial, and have awarded him one, as we could not as an appellate court decide a question not presented to or acted upon by the court below. The reasons which would have necessitated us to refuse to award a new trial in this case, if we had had jurisdiction, are set out.at length in Danks v. Rodeheaver, infra.
For the reasons I have given this Court is without jurisdiction to determine any of the questions in controversy between the parties; and the writ of error and supersedeas granted in this case must be dismissed as improvidently awarded; and the plaintiff in error, Samuel Gf. Sapp, must pay to the defendant in error, Levi Greathouse, his costs expended in this Court.
Wbit Dismissed.