By the Court,
Smith, J.There is one question raised in the argument of this cause, which lies at the foundation of the rights of the respective parties, so far as this proceeding is concerned ; and that is in regard to the staf/ics of the appellee, (Clark) in court. If he has no right to contest the claims of the purchaser (Ward) in this form, then the other questions presented by the evidence are not required to be discussed or decided, because they are not presented to the court in the proper form for adjudication. We shall therefore direct our attention to this first stage of inquiry as to the right of Clark to present his claims and interests for adjudication, in the form which he has adopted.
The purchaser at a sale ordered by a court of chancery, thereby becomes a quasi party to the suit; and when he thus submits himself to the jurisdiction, and asks confirmation, ho is to that extent a party to the proceedings. The advertisement of a sale of the mortgaged premises, is but the *511process of execution of tlie decree of the court, and those who come in and purchase under such process become subjects of such process of the court and entitled to its protection, as much so, as though they had been served with actual process issued out of and under the seal of the court in any stage of its proceedings.
But there is an obvious distinction between the position of a purchaser who comes in under the process of advertisement of sale and a decree of foreclosure, and that of persons incidentally interested in the estate, not made parties, and who seek to become parties after final decree, by mere motion.
Let us now examine the position of the parties before the court.
On the 16th day of August, 1855, a final decree of foreclosure and sale oí the mortgaged premises was rendered for the sum of $238.23 besides costs, in a cause wherein John A. 0. Gray was complainant, and Henry A. Hayden and Virginia Hayden were defendants. The premises were regularly advertised pursuant to the decretal order of the court, and on the 13th day of October were sold to the appellant, Lindsay Ward, for the sum of $3,400.
Hp to this time no interest is disclosed in Clark, the appellee. He is in no sense a party to the suit, but an entire stranger to the record and proceedings.
But on the 24th day of October, Ealph Clark, the appellee, comes into the court below with a petition setting forth substantially that he had a good title to the.premises, and prayed leave to file a bill in the nature of a bill of review.
No action seems to have been had upon this petition, nor any reasons appear why the same was abandoned.
On the 3d day of November following, Clark filed a motion to vacate the order of confirmation, and set aside the sale, founded upon affidavit setting forth his title and attempting to impeach the title of the complainant.
The motion made in this case is equivalent to a suit in equity to determine the conflicting claims of the appellee and others to the premises sold, and we are satisfied as well from *512reason as from authority that the rights and interests of the parties cannot be determined in this manner. Motions of this kind are usually determined upon affidavits, taken exparte, the parties interested themselves being witnesses, pro re nata summarily, without pleadings, without an issue, without a formal trial, and must necessarily be limited to the adjustment of the various interests of the parties to the suit, as they are from time to time affected by the current proceedings. It must be apparent to every one that this is an improper and altogether inadequate mode to try titles to estates in land. Where all the facts appear upon the bill and answer and testimony, and all parties interested are before the court, and there is nothing to dispute but the law applicable to the facts, the question may well he decided upon motion of any of the parties interested.
But when a person, not a party to the suit, is interested in the subject matter, or to be affected by the proceedings, he must make himself a party in some way by petition, or by supplemental bill for the investigation and protection of his rights. Foster vs. -, 6 Mad. Rep., 59; Belbee vs. Bellee, 6 Mad. Rep., 28; 1 Hoff. Ch. Pr., 420; Bozon vs. Bolland, 1 Russ. and Myl., 69; 4 Cond. Eng. Ch. R., 327.
From these cases it appears that it is not competent for a person who is a stranger to the record, and not in any sense a party to the suit, to appear therein and make a motion. He must procure a status in court, by petition or bill, as the nature of the case may require, and then he may proceed as his interests and the practice of the court may allow.
We have already said that purchasers at sales tinder a decree of the court become quasi parties from thence onward. We have carefully examined all the cases cited by the counsel for the appellee, but have not been able to dnd any authority by which the motion in this case can be entertained. They have reference to purchasers, to.judgment creditors having an interest in the distribution of the proceeds of sales and the like.
Had the appellee been a party to the suit, he could and would have set up his claim therein, or he would have been *513barred by the decree. In Brown vs. Frost, 10 Paige, 243, it was held that- a party to a foreclosure suit cannot tile an original bill to set aside a master’s sale, when relief could have been obtained on motion. But the appellee was not a party, and hence could not apply for relief in that way.
It is indeed said in loose, general'terms, that until confirmation, any person interested in the sale is in a situation to make summary application for a re-sale, if there is any just ground for such application. But it will be found that these remarks were not to be understood in their broadest sense, reference being made to the context. Urey were intended to apply to the parties litigant before and within the jurisdiction of the court.
On the whole, after a full examination of the authorities, we are satisfied that the appellee has mistaken his remedy ; and we therefore refrain from any remarks upon the equities of the parties, as disclosed by this appeal, because they cannot be here determined.
The motion of the appellee was wrongly entertained by the court below.
The order must be reversed with costs and the cause remanded for further proceedings.