I. Tbe error in 'tbe lien judgment, which the court permitted tbe plaintiff to correct by amendment, was of such a character tbat it scarcely required to be corrected. Tbe complaints in this, and in tbe lien action, correctly described tbe premises in controversy. This is substantially admitted by tbe answer. Tbe premises are therein described as being all tbat part of lot 18, lying north of a straight line drawn from tbe southwest corner of a certain railroad depot, wbicb is fairly to be inferred is on tbe east side of tbe lot,) to a point on tbe west line of tbe lot, 361 feet south of tbe northwest corner thereof. Tbe lien judgment located such point 361 feet north of tbat comer, wbicb is tbe error in question.
Tbe complaints and tbe lien judgment also state tbat tbe premises are tbe same wbicb were conveyed to Bonner and Dce-ring by tbe trustees of tbe Hlinois and Wisconsin land company, by deed recorded in tbe office of tbe Begister of Dodge county, April 18th, 1868, in vol. 47 of deeds, on page 46. *526There is no claim or pretence that this deed does not correctly describe the premises, and it must be taken as conceded, that it does so. The reference to this deed is, of itself, a sufficient description of the premises, and taken in connection with the other descriptions thereof in the lien judgment, corrects the mistake, and the premises are described in such judgment with reasonable certainty and accuracy. The error is so perfectly apparent that no one could be deceived or misled by it. Inasmuch as the defendant could not be injured by the amendment, it is unnecessary to decide whether the circuit court had, or had not, the power to permit it to be made.
II. For a like reason the filing of the remitter to the defendants, of the balance of the premises over and above one acre, (if the court erred in allowing it to be done) is not an error which will work a reversal of the judgment, for it was in favor of the defendants. But we do not think that it was error. The lien judgment is not void, because it gave the plaintiff a specific lien on more than one acre of land in an incorporated village. Had that judgment been brought here by appeal, this court would, doubtless, have directed the circuit court to ascertain the specific acre to which the lien ought to attach, and then to so modify the judgment as to give the plaintiff his lien on that acre alone. The stipulation of the parties ascertains the acre of land to which the lien should attach, and the remitter confines the specific lien of the plaintiff to that acre. Thus the stipulation and remitter together, have worked out the proper result, and defendants have no just cause for complaint in that behalf
III. We are of the opinion that the fact that the persons who held the legal title to the premises when the lien suit was commenced, were not made parties to the action brought to enforce the lien, does not invalidate the lien judgment. The statute in terms authorizes the court, in an action of that character against a debtor, to render a judgment which shall be a specific lien upon the premises affected by it. Tayl. Sts., 1765, § 14. We *527cannot bold that such judgment is void as against these defendants, without entirely disregarding the statutes.
IY. But a most vital question in the case is: Does the judgment in the lien suit so absolutely bind the defendants who were not parties thereto, that they are precluded from contesting the validity thereof, or the amount for which it ought to have been rendered, or from redeeming the land after a sale thereof pursuant to such judgment ? The circuit court resolved this question in the affirmative, and hence, refused to allow the defendants to introduce any testimony to prove that the lien judgment was invalid, or that it was rendered for too large a sum, and, by giving judgment that the plaintiff recover the premises absolutely, it denied the defendants the right of redemption.
After careful consideration, we are satisfied that these decisions and rulings of the circuit court were erroneous. The general rule of law is, that all persons having an interest in the subject matter of an action, when the same is commenced, should be made parties thereto, and that none but parties and privies are concluded by the adjudication. This rule is so eminently reasonable and just, that no exceptions should be made to it unless clearly created by law. It is true, as we have already seen, that the statute permits the creditor to have his specific lien declared and adjudged in an action against the debtor alone, but it goes no farther. It does not enact that such lien judgment shall be conclusive upon all persons having an interest in the premises at and before the commencement of. the action, whether such persons were or were not parties to the action. The statute, therefore, does not make actions brought under it to enforce liens, exceptions to the general rule above stated, and it ought not. Had these defendants and their co-grantees purchased the premises of Doering after the filing of notice of the pendency of the lien suit, they would then be in privity with Dcering and bound by the judgment, although not parties on the record. If necessary for their protection, the *528court would fyave admitted them as parties defendants in the lien suit. Brit they purchased long before the lien suit was commenced, and their conveyance from Doering was on record and they were in the open possession of the premises, even before the plaintiff’s petition for a lien thereon was filed. To hold, under such circumstances, that the defendants are absolutely and finally concluded by the lien judgment, would require a construction to be given to the statute which the legislature evidently never intended that it should have, and would open a wide door for the perpetration of most flagrant frauds.
The old and salutary rule must prevail in this case, and the defendants must have their day in court on all questions affecting their interests in the premises, before their rights can be concluded by the judgment of the court.
Y. We think that the lien judgment is prima facie evidence in this action of the extent and amount of the plaintiff’s lien on the premises, in the same manner that a mortgage on the premises, (had one been given,) executed by Dcering to the plaintiff, and recorded June 27th, 1868, would be prima fade evidence of the extent of the lien thereby created, as against the defendants or any other subsequent purchasers or incum-brancers of the same premises. Indeed, it seems to us that the effect of the lien judgment is the same, as against these defendants, as would have been the effect of a mortgage on the same premises for $600, duly executed by Doering to the plaintiff, and recorded June 27th, 1868. In the one case the lien is created, or at least vitalized, by the judgment of the court, and in the other it is created by the act of the parties. In either case it is only a lien, and there seems to be no good reason for holding that there is any difference in the two cases, as regards the rights of subsequent purchasers, to contest the validity or amount of the lien, or to redeem therefrom.
In the case above supposed, it will not be disputed, that if the plaintiff had foreclosed the mortgage without making the defendants parties to the action, the purchaser, at the fore*529closure sale, would Rave taken nothing, as against these defendants, but an ^assignment of the mortgage. The defendants would still own the equity of redemption, notwithstanding the sheriff’s deed to the purchaser at the foreclosure sale. Stark v. Brown, 12 Wis., 572; Moore v. Cord, 14 Wis., 213. Neither will it be controverted, that in an action brought to foreclose a mortgage upon lands which have been subsequently conveyed, or incumbered by the mortgagor, and to. which action such subsequent purchaser or incumbrancer is a party, the latter may contest the validity of the prior mortgage or the amount due on it, and may redeem therefrom. No good reason is perceived why the same principle is not applicable here.
YI. The plaintiff cannot recover any greater interest in the premises included in the lien judgment, as modified by the re-mitter filed by him, than such judgment gives a lien upon, and directs to be sold; that is to say, he can only recover, in any event, the interest which Henry Doering had therein on the 27th day of June, 1868. It appears that on that day Dcering owned only an undivided half of the premises. It may be that the plaintiff was entitled to a judgment giving him a specific lien for his claim on the whole of the premises, but he shows no such judgment.
YII. The fact that the consideration for the deed from Doer-ing, under which the defendants claim, consisted of demands against him, for which the grantees therein were entitled to bring actions and to enforce specific liens, for the amount of such claims against the mill and premises in controversy, does not place the defendants in a position better than they would have occupied had they paid for the premises a consideration of a different character. Liens of this kind do not exist at the common law, but are purely statutory, and are not available unless enforced in the manner and within the time prescribed by the statute. The defendants having failed to avail them: selves of the statutory remedy to enforce a lien upon the prem*530ises, for their 'original claims, cannot .assert a right thereto in this action.
VIII. The statute provides that, “The taking of a promissory note or other evidence of indebtedness, for work and labor or materials furnished, shall not be deemed to waive the right of the.party taking the same to prosecute and perfect his lien in the manner provided by law.” Tay. Sts., 1764, §10. It seems apparent that such provision does not apply to a case where the note or other evidence of debt is expressly received as a payment for such work or materials, for if so received, there is no debt for work or materials existing, and hence, no foundation for enforcing a specific lien. We think, therefore, that the defendants should have been permitted to prove that the plaintiff received the note endorsed by Lewis Peering asa payment for the lumber sold by him to Henry Doering.
IX. When the action is again tried, if anything is found to be due the plaintiff by virtue of his lien judgment, the defendants must be allowed a reasonable time, , to be designated by the circuit court, within which they may pay the same and redeem the premises from the lien of .such judgment. If nothing be found due the plaintiff on such judgment, he is not entitled to ■recover, and in such case the sale and sheriff’s deed of the premises must be set aside and amended pursuant to the prayer in the counter-claim of the defendants.
X. There are other questions of considerable importance, which may and probably-will'arise when the case is again tried, and which have been somewhat argued on this appeal, but not fully so on both sides. These are: 1. Was the taking of the note endorsed by Lewis Doering, for the lumber, a waiver by operation of law of the plaintiff’s right to a lien, although the same was not expressly received by the plaintiff as a payment for the lumber ? 2. Must the plaintiff first exhaust his remedy on his judgment against Henry and Lewis Doering, recovered on such note, before he can be permitted, as against these defendants, to resort to his lien judgment? And, 3. Is he enti-*531tied as against these defendants, to enforce such lien judgment, for any lumber which, although sold for that purpose, was not actually used in the erection of the mill? We have thought proper to withhold an opinion upon these questions at this time. Should the case unfortunately find its way here again, and should those questions be presented for our consideration, we would then have the benefit of the opinion of the learned circuit judge upon them, and also of more full arguments by counsel.
By the Court.— The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings according to law.