It is objected on the part of the plaintiff, that the exceptions are insufficient to enable this court to review the evidence. Exceptions were duly filed to the referee’s findings of fact and law, but no exception was taken to the order of the circuit court confirming the report. It is claimed that such an exception was necessary to enable this court to review the decision of the circuit court. The case of Riley v. Mitchell, 37 Wis., 612, which is relied on to sustain this position, presents a different question. There, it did not appear that any exceptions were filed in the circuit court to the findings of the referee, though an exception was taken to the ruling of the court refusing to set aside the report and grant a new trial. But this court said it was impossible to determine from the record what exceptions taken before the referee were acted upon by the circuit court. But here, exceptions were filed to the report, which it would seem the circuit court must necessarily have considered on the motion to confirm.
*130Rut, without positively settling this question of practice, we have examined the case on the merits, and think the judgment must be affirmed. The findings of the referee will not be disturbed unless it appears that they are contrary to the fair preponderance of evidence. Ely v. Daily, 40 Wis., 52.
The main questions in this case turn upon the construction of the contract. If the contract did not require the plaintiff to furnish materials and build the foundation for the engine and boilers, but did impose that duty upon the defendants, then it is obvious that their claim for damages on that ground must fail. So, too, must fail all claim for damages by reason of any defect in the foundation or for delay in building the same. What, then, is the true construction of the contract? Ry the contract, the plaintiff promised and agreed to make, and deliver to the defendants on the cars at Port Howax-d, by a time specified, a stationary engine and three boilers, according to a certain description and of a certain quality, together with a second-hand siding mill, then in its shop. The ma-chinei’y was for operating the defendants’ mill in Jackson county. Then follows this clause in the contract: “ The above to be set up and connected, with steam on (with exception of the siding mill), when delivered at the mill, by the party of the second part. Transportation to be furnished men to and from the mill, and board during the time employed in setting-up, as aforesaid, said machinery.”
Now, the contract being silent as to which party should provide the foundation, the question arises, Does this clause require the plaintiff to build it? Is such an intention fairly to be inferred from the language used by the parties? It seems to us not. The contract is to be read in the light of surrounding circumstances and the relations of the parties to the subject matter of the contract. Lyman v. Babcock, 40 Wis., 503. It appears that the plaintiff was engaged in manufacturing -and selling machinery at a considerable distance from the place where the defendants’ mill was situated. It was not *131in its line q£ business to build foundations on which the machinery it sold should stand, any more than it was to provide mills to be operated by such machinery. It is true, it had agreed that the machinery sold the defendant should “ be set up and connected, with steam on,” whatever those words may mean. It is said that a foundation was essential for the engine and boilers to stand on, and, as the plaintiff had undertaken to set up the machinery, it was bound to furnish the foundation. But, by a parity of reasoning, it might be proven that the plaintiff was bound to furnish the ground upon Which the foundation was to rest. Ground was as necessary to support the foundation, as the foundation to support the machinery; and there is as much reason for saying that the plaintiff undertook to furnish the one as the other. Besides, if it were the understanding of the parties that the plaintiff should build the foundation, it is strange it is not so specified in the contract. The parties stipulated in regard to other matters, as that the defendants should furnish transportation and board for the men during the time they should be employed in setting up the machinery, while the important matter of providing a foundation is not even mentioned. Is it probable that the matter of providing a foundation would have been overlooked, or not mentioned, if the plaintiff had assumed the duty of doing that work? ~We think not. What the plaintiff did agree to do, was to set up the machinery and connect it, with the steam on. This we think only required the plaintiff to set up the machinery on such foundation as the defendants might provide, and connect it together so as to furnish a complete power fit for use. The words “connected with steam on” may have a peculiar or technical meaning in the contract; possibly witnesses who were experts might be permitted to explain the sense in which they were understood or used in such agreements. But this is as far as it was competent for parol testimony to go. But in this case, witnesses were allowed to give their opinion as to whose duty it was to furnish *132the foundation; in other words, to swear as to the proper construction of the contract. This was clearly wrong. The legal effect of the words, when their meaning is ascertained, was for the court to determine. There is considerable expert testimony relating to the meaning of the words “ set up ” the machineiy, and “connect” it, “with the steam on; ” and this testimony tends to prove that these terms do not include the building of a foundation, which is in accordance with our construction of the contract. It would be a forced and unnatural interpretation of the language, to hold that it imposed the duty on the plaintiff to build the foundation on which the engine and boilers were to stand; and we are unable to place any such construction on the contract. It follows from this view that all claim for damages resulting from delay in building, or defects in, the foundation, must be deemed out of the case.
The finding of the referee that the engine and boilers were of the quality, dimensions, design and workmanship called for by the contract, cannot be disturbed. There is some conflict in the evidence upon this question; but the weight of testimony is in favor of the finding, that there were no defects in the machinery when it was delivered and set up. The same observation must be made in respect to the findings of the referee that the items charged in the plaintiff’s bill of particulars were furnished outside of the contract, and vTere admitted to be correct by the agents of the defendants, to whom the matter was referred for adjustment.
This disposes of all the material questions in the case which we deem it necessary to notice.
By the Court.— The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.
RyaN, O. J., and Lyon, J., took no part.A motion for a rehearing was denied.