No rule is better established than is the rule that a court of equity will not decree specific performance of a contract unless the terms of the contract are clearly and definitely expressed. If the court is unable from the contract itself, aided by authorized legal presumption, to arrive at a clear result of what all its essential terms are, the contract will not be specifically enforced. 1 Story’s Eq. Jur., § 767; Ery on Specific Performance, §§ 203, 223, and cases cited in notes. See also Blanchard v. McDougal, 6 Wis., 167; Knoll v. Harvey, 19 id., 99; Tiernan v. Gibney, 24 id., 190.
The contract sought to be enforced in this action fails entirely to specify the time when a portion of the purchase money shall become due and payable. It only provides that $1,100 thereof “may stand upon the farm.” Probably the court could hold that this language requires the purchasers to *328execute a mortgage upon the land to secure tbe unpaid balance of $1,100, and might presume that the parties intended that the debt should draw legal interest until paid. Eesort may also be had to the deeds deposited in escrow to ascertain the description of the lands, which is not fully given in the contract. See Campbell v. Thomas, 42 Wis., 437.
But we find nothing in the contract, either by reference or otherwise, which will enable the court to say when such balance shall become due, and w.e know of no legal presumption to aid the court in that behalf. The complaint states the contract to be, that credit was given for a reasonable time. There is no such language in the contract, but the pleader doubtless stated what he considered the legal effect of that instrument. Concede that he has stated it correctly: does that render the contract any more certain? What is a reasonable time? Is it one month, or one year, or five years? Were the court to fix a time for payment, and decree accordingly, as Judge Story very pertinently remarks in the section above cited, “it might be guilty of decreeing precisely what the parties never did intend or contemplate.”
The contract being to give credit for a part of the purchase money, and the time when the credit should expire and the money become payable not having been fixed by the parties, we think the contract is too uncertain or incomplete to authorize a court of equity to decree its specific performance.
To support the opposite doctrine, the learned counsel for the plaintiffs has cited Hatcher v. Hatcher, 1 McMullan’s Eq. R. (S. C.), 311, and Westervelt v. Matheson, 1 Hoff. Ch. R., 37. The South Carolina case was one to enforce specifically a contract that the plaintiff might redeem lands sold to the assignor of the defendant on an execution against the plaintiff. The amount to be paid and -the time of payment were not stated in the contract, and there w-as no stipulation for credit for any part of the redemption money. The court held that the money was payable before the execution of a conveyance to the plaintiff, and that the amount to be paid was the sum which the defendant paid for the land; and it decreed specific per-*329formanee. The court merely resorted to legal presumptions to supply omissions in the contract. The contract being to redeem, it was held that the sum advanced by the defendant for the purchase of the land was necessarily the sum to be paid for its redemption; and no time of redemption having been fixed in the contract, and no credit given, it was also held th^-t the plaintiff must have tendered payment to be entitled to a conveyance, and if he did so within a reasonable time, that he was entitled to a conveyance. It is manifest that the doctrine of that case is not applicable here; for in this case, as already observed, there is no legal presumption to which we can resort to supply the omission to fix in the contract the time when that portion of the purchase money for which credit was given should become due and payable.
Westervelt v. Matheson was also an action to enforce specific performance of a contract for the sale and conveyance of land. The agreed price was $2,900, of which $1,900 was to be paid at the execution of the conveyance, and credit was given for the balance. The language of the contract was, “ one thousand dollars may remain by bond and mortgage.” No time of payment of the $1,000 was agreed upon. There was an outstanding mortgage on the premises of $1,000, which the grantor was held liable to pay. The court decreed a conveyance subject to the outstanding mortgage, thus requiring the purchaser to pay that mortgage (or rather charging the land in his hands therewith), instead of giving his bond and mortgage for $1,000, according to the contract. The objection does not appear to have been made that the contract was uncertain or incomplete; and that feature of the contract is not mentioned in the opinion of the learned assistant vice-chancellor who decided the case.
While that case seems to give some support to the position of the learned counsel who cites it, it is opposed by the whole current of authority, both in this country and England. We can but think that had the attention of the court been directed to the incompleteness of the contract, the result would have been different.
*330Counsel for plaintiffs also cites Waterman v. Dutton, 6 Wis., 265, to tbe proposition that parol evidence is admissible to supply the omission in the contract. That was an action to reform a written agreement for the sale of lands, and to enforce specific performance of the agreement as reformed. In this case, there is no claim that the written agreement does not fully express the contract which the parties actually made, and no reformation of the writing is sought. Hence, Waterman v. Dutton is not aj)plicable here.
Because the contract set out in the complaint as the foundation of this action is incomplete in an essential particular, and because the defect cannot be supplied by any authorized legal presumption, we agree with the learned circuit judge that the complaint fails to state a cause of action in equity. Whether the sum of four hundred dollars mentioned in the contract is liquidated damages, which the plaintiffs may recover in an action at law, or whether it is merely a penalty, we do not determine.
By the Court. — Order affirmed.