This was a proceeding by. the defendant on motion to retax costs. The matter was submitted to the court on the following sti2iulation: “At this time come the iiarties hereto. And it is for the piurpose of the premises stipulated and agreed, that on the-day of-, 188 — , the said Ford obtained judgment against the defendant for the sum of $-, and that in taxing the costs in said cause, the clerk of the circuit court of *621Holt county, Missouri, in which, court the said judgment-was rendered, taxed as cost in said case, against the defendant, the following items: ‘ Twenty-one certificates-to witness’ affidavits, §5.25 ; ’ that said item of cost was-charged and taxed for swearing witnesses to their attendance, that is to say, for the number of days in attendance in the case, and number of miles traveled in attending court; that the number of witnesses charged is correct, and that each witness signed an affidavit, in a book kept by the clerk for that purpose, as follows: ‘We, the undersigned, do solemnly swear that we were-regularly subpoenaed, and have been in attendance as witnesses in the above-entitled cause for the party from the county, at the term, for the number of days, and have traveled the number of miles set opposite our respective names in obedience to the command of said subpoena.
“ ‘Subscribed and sworn to befpre me, this--day of--, 188 — .’ ”
The amount charged for each witness was twenty-five cents. (The above, except blanks for title of the cause, is the form used).. The court decided against the defendant.
The single question in this appeal is thus presented : Was the charge made by the circuit clerk a proper-charge ?
This question turns upon the construction to be given certain sections of the statute concerning “ Fees.” Section 5621, Revised Statutes, is as follows: “The clerk of each court of record shall, on the application of any witness to have his fees allowed, enter on his book under the title of the cause in which the witness was summoned or recognized, or, if before the grand jury, the name of the witness, the number of days he has attended, and the number of miles he has necessarily tot-ravel in consequence of the summons or recognizance, and shall swear the witness to the truth of the facts contained in said entryand it shall be the duty of the *622.clerk to make out and deliver to each witness attending before the grand jury, and entitled to fees therefor, a scrip, as required in case of grand jurors, which scrip shall be countersigned by the foreman of the grand jury, and shall be paid by the county treasurer in like manner as now by law required for the pay of grand jurors; and the clerk shall be allowed the same compensation for said services as is now allowed by law for like service in issuing scrip to grand jurors. This section shall mot apply to St. Louis city.” The question in this case ' turns upon the construction to be given to the provision of the above section allowing the clerk “ the same compensation for said services as is now allowed by law for like service in issuing scrip to grand jurors.” If the compensation thus allowed the clerk is for all the services mentioned in said section the clerk’s charge was confessedly improper, because the compensation allowed by that section is not such as the clerk charged.
The real question, therefore, is, is the compensation allowed by the section above set out, compensation for all the services mentioned therein or compensation only for the service rendered by the clerk in issuing scrip when required by said section ? Since the compensation allowed by the statute is the same compensation “as is now allowed by law for like service in issuing scrip to grand jurors,” in order to answer the question last suggested, it is necessary to consider the statute allowing compensation for the “like service” rendered by the clerk in issuing scrip to grand jurors. Section 2790, Revised Statutes, provides the ‘! pay and per diem ’ ’ for grand and petit jurors.
Section 2791 is as follows: “ The clerk of the court shall keep a book, in which he shall enter, upon the application of each juror, the number of days such juror shall have served, and the number of miles necessarily traveled in obediénce to the summons to serve on the jury, and such entry shall be verified by the oath of such juror.”
Section 2792 is: “ Upon the demand of such juror *623the clerk shall give him a scrip, verified by his official signature, showing the amount which such juror is entitled to receive out of the county treasury.”
Section 2793 is : “The clerk shall receive one dollar and fifty cents for his services at each term of the court in complying with the provisions of the two preceding sections.”
The compensation thus allowed the clerk for his services in issuing scrip to grand jurors is, not only for the services performed in actually issuing the scrip, but also for all the services mentioned in section 2791 rendered by the clerk, necessary and preliminary to the issuing of the scrip. Those services, necessary and preliminary to issuing scrip, are exactly the same as the services for which the charge in controversy here was made, and which, by the provisions of section 5621, are necessary before the issuance of scrip in those cases where its issuance is authorized. All the services mentioned in section 5621, in other words, are like those required in issuing scrip to grand jurors. The compensation provided by section 5621 is the same compensation as that allowed for like service in issuing scrip to grand jurors. Since the services required in issuing scrip to grand jurors are like and in fact the same as the services mentioned in section 5621, it is clear that the compensation is intended to be in full for all the services so mentioned. The compensation is the same for like services. The services in the two cases are like. Whatever is the compensation in one case is the compensation in the other. This conclusion may be supported by other considerations. After setting out the various services to be performed by the clerk in civil and criminal cases alike, on the application of any witness to have his fees allowed, section 5621 makes a distinct provision for the issuance of scrip to witnesses attending before the grand jury, and then provides compensation, to use the words of the section, “ for said services.”
Unless the provision allowing compensation limits *624it to certain of the services mentioned before in the-section, the compensation is, as a matter of course, for all of said services. The compensation allowed is, by the terms of the section, declared to be the same as that allowed “for like service in issuing scrip to grand jurors.” Certain it is, whatever services the clerk must perform in issuing scrip to grand jurors for a fixed compensation, he must perform in issuing scrip to-witnesses attending before the grand jury, if necessary, for the same compensation.
It must be conceded that no charge could have been lawfully made for the services in controversy had the-witnesses been attending before the grand jury. The statute, however, makes no distinction between such witnesses. and' witnesses summoned in civil and other criminal proceedings; therefore, what is true in reference to witnesses attending before the grand jury is also true in reference to witnesses in all proceedings, both civil and criminal.
The action of the clerk in making the charge in controversy was based upon section 5603, Revised Statutes, which provides that the clerks of the circuit courts of this state shall receive in all civil proceedings fees for their services as therein prescribed. Among the fees prescribed by said section is the fee of twenty-five cents “for oaths and certificate to affidavit.”' Section 5604 prescribes the fees for services rendered by clerks of courts having criminal jurisdiction in criminal proceedings. Among the fees fixed by that section is the fee of fifteen cents “for certificate to affidavit.” The two services, although the words defining- them are not exactly the same, are in fact one and the same service.. The words defining the first service are- in the conjunctive, but, since there cannot be a certificate to an affidavit without an oath, the word, “oaths,” adds nothing to that service, the service after all being the making of a certificate to an affidavit. The rule in the-construction of statutes, in reference to costs is, that they must be construed strictly, “and that an officer cannot. *625legally claim remuneration, unless the state has expressly conferred the right.” Shed v. Railroad, 67 Mo. 690. By section 5621, the clerk is required to swear the witness to the truth of the facts contained in the entry made by the clerk, but he is not required to preserve the oath in the form of an affidavit. If we bear in mind that section 5621 makes no distinction between witnesses in civil and in criminal proceedings, this conclusion is strengthened by the provisions of section 5605, which are: “No fee shall be charged by any clerk, in any criminal case, against the state or any county, unless it is expressly allowed in the foregoing section.” In obedience to this declaration of the legislative will, it must be held that the oath of the witness need not be preserved in the form of an affidavit, so far as concerns criminal cases, because section 5621 does not expressly require it, and as before said there is no distinction made by that section between civil and criminal cases. The clerk was not entitled, under the statutes cited, to the fees charged.
The judgment of the circuit court is reversed and the cause remanded, to be proceeded with in accordance with this opinion.
All concur.