I. This action is based on a written contract between the plaintiff and defendant. The contract was excluded by the trial court, and plaintiff having for that reason suffered a nonsuit appeals. The contract declared upon is alleged to have been made with defendant; whereas the contract offered in evidence is made with “school district number 7, township of Darlington, county of Gentry, and state of Missouri.” The corporate name of defendant, and under which it must contract, is as it is set out in the petition, and as designated by law, viz., “district number 7, township 62, range 31, of Gentry county.” Revised Statutes, 1879, sec. 7021. There was no offer to remedy this defect, and the contract was, therefore, rightly excluded on this ground.
II. It may be conceded that after directions given by the board at a board meeting the discrepancy as to dates arose from mistake, or from the contract having been written out and dated prior to its execution. But it appears that it was not executed in duplicate, and one copy thereof left with the clerk of the board as required by sections 3157, 3158, Revised Statutes, 1889. This is fatal to its validity. The district is only authorized by statute to contract in a certain way; aspecial method is pointed out, and should be substantially complied with. It is said in Heidelberg v. St. Francois Co., 100 Mo. 69: “When special powers are conferred, or where a special method is prescribed for the exercise and execution of a power, this brings the exercise of such power within the purview of the maxim, ea/pressio %mius, etc.; and by *552necessary implication forbids and renders nugatory the doing of tbe thing specified except in the particular way pointed out. And this rule obtains as well in regard to the organic law as to the statutory law. The familiar principle here announced is tersely uttered by the English court of exchequer, in a comparatively recent case, where it is thús expressed: “If authority is given expressly, though by affirmative words, upon a defined condition, the expression of that condition excludes the doing of the act authorized under other circumstances than those so defined. Expréssio mius, exclusio alterius.” A history of the times at the date of. the enactment of this statute, and prior thereto, shows that disputes, trouble and litigation over contracts with municipal bodies, and quasi municipal.bodies like the defendant, was the cause of the enactment. Contracts for school maps, globes and furniture were frequently the subject of litigation, and school officers were defending on the ground that they had never signed a contract, or, if they had, the one in suit had been changed, or was unlike the one made by them. To obviate this, it was provided by law that such contracts should be executed in duplicate, one copy to be left with the clerk, and that such copy should govern as to the construction to loe given thereto. I think, therefore,- that for this additional reason the contract was properly excluded. Judgment affirmed.
All concur. Gill, J., in a separate opinion.SEPARATE OPINION.
Gill, J.I do not concur in paragraph 2 of the foregoing opinion; that is, that the contract between the parties was invalid because a duplicate copy thereof was not filed with the clerk of the school board. When the contract was reduced to writing, and signed by the *553parties, it was then binding and operative under the statute; and it ought not to be held for naught because of a failure to make a copy, and file it with the school board. Section 3158 (providing for such duplicate copy) is directory merely. Sutherland on Statutory Construction, sec. 447; Sedgwick on Construction of Statutes [2 Ed.] 316, et seq.; Cape Girardeau v. Riley, 52 Mo. 424; West v. Ross, 53 Mo. 350.
The substance of the ■ statute was complied with when, according to section 3157, an agreement of writing was entered into and signed by the plaintiff and the proper officers of the school corporation; and that they neglected to make out a duplicate copy and file it with the clerk was a failure to do something not of the essence of the statutory command, but the neglecting only to do some act, subsequent to the making of the contract, and which the statute did not require in order to validate the same.
There was no question made as to the contract produced at the trial being genuine; indeed, the officers admitted the instrument to be the identical paper they signed. ■ Hence, there was no dispute of that kind to be settled by any production of a duplicate copy.