This is a suit to remove a cloud from the title of certain lots in Kansas City belonging to the plaintiff. The alleged cloud consists of certain special judgments rendered in a proceeding to. open a street, the lots in question having been assessed with benefits *181aggregating about $650. The judgments are assailed on the ground that there was never any notice, actual or constructive, given to plaintiff of the institution or pending of the condemnation proceedings. At the trial below the court entered judgment for defendants, dismissing plaintiff’s bill, and the cause was brought here by appeal.
The condemnation proceedings were had before the mayor, pursuant to article 7 of Kansas City’s charter of 1889, and an ordinance of said city adopted September 20, 1890. At the date of the ordinance the legal title of the lots was in one Harris, but they were incumbered by a deed of trust to secure certain notes made by Harris to plaintiff Longwell, which the latter then and thereafter owned and held. Subsequently, and before this suit was brought, the Harris deed of trust was foreclosed and Longwell, the beneficiary, purchased at the sale and took a trustee’s deed to the lots.
Facts. I. These condemnation proceedings at Kansas City have their origin in an ordinance adopted by the city council, wherein the property to be _ taken, as well as the property to be assessed with benefits, is designated. The mayor then conducts the proceedings, appointing a time and place where the parties may be heard before a jury who shall assess the damages for property taken, and, also, assess against the different pieces of property benefited, their respective portions of such damages. Before impaneling this jury it is made the duty of the city clerk to issue notices to the parties concerned, naming the owners of each particular tract of land to be assessed with damages or benefits, as the case may be. These notices may be served by any policeman, constable or other officer authorized to serve and return the same. Such notices shall be served “either by delivering to such owner a copy of the notice or leaving such ■ copy *182for such owner at the usual place of abode of such owner with some member of the family of such owner over the age of fifteen years * * *. If service can not be made on all or any of the parties aforesaid within the city limits, the returns shall so state, and the returns shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.” Thereupon, the effort to get personal service having been exhausted, it is provided that constructive notice shall be given by publishing for four weeks before the day set for hearing, a copy of the same in the newspaper doing the city printing. The parties having thus been brought in, the jury impaneled proceeds to hear and determine the damages and benefits, and the amounts thus assessed become special judgments against the property.
Now in this case Longwell was not personally served with notice, though it is conceded that at the time of the pendency of the proceedings, and for years prior thereto, he resided in Kansas City. However on the return day (December 29, 1890) the police officer intrusted with the service of the notices made this return: “I hereby certify that I have made diligent search and failed to find the following owners and parties in interest, within named, within the limits of Kansas City, Missouri: T. A. Harris; D. W. Longwell” and others. And it was upon this that the order of publication was made and the proceedings went forward to the charge on Longwell’s property. It is also conceded that Longwell at no, time appeared, in the proceedings before the mayor, and never was informed thereof until called upon to pay the special assessments which had ripened into judgments.
It is clear, then, that unless Longwell was served by the publication of notice he was not within the jurisdiction of the mayor’s court, and all such charges and assessments against him or his property should be *183treated as null and void. There was no such constructive jurisdiction over Longwell or his real estate by virtue of the published notice, unless the prior return of the officer serving process made the facts appear which the charter has provided as a condition precedent to the making of such order of publication. In other words, before resort can be; had to published notice the return of the officer should show “that service can not be made on the party * * * withm the city limits.”
Municipal Corporations: street improvement: mayor's court: jurisdiction: service. The return in this proceeding failed tó show that service of notice could not be made on D. W. Longwell within the city; it stated only that after diligent search the officer had failed to find him. It might be that the officer was unable to find Longwell, and yet he might have been able to serve him in the manner prescribed by charter; that is, if not by delivering to such owner a copy of the notice yet it might have been served by “leaving such copy for such owner at the usual place of abode of such owner with some member of the family of such owner over the age of fifteen years.” Until the charter mode of personal service had proved unavailing and the return had shown this, there was no jurisdiction to make the order of publication. “This was the condition precedent for such constructive service, a service not favored by the law, and against which all presumptions are indulged.” State ex rel. v. Field, 107 Mo. 445, and cases cited.
It seems clear then, that as to Longwell no jurisdiction was obtained. He was not served with notice, actual or constructive; and as he did not in fact appear in the mayor’s court, the whole proceeding was as to him a nullity.
*184-: -: -: owner: mortgagee. *183II. But the city’s counsel contend that Longwell was an unnecessary party to the condemnation pro*184ceedings — that- it was only required to give notice to Harris, who held the legal title subject to Longwell’s deed of trust. Support for this contention is claimed from the language of the charter provision, before quoted, that the city clerk shall issue a notice “which shall give the name of the owners of the property to be assessed * * * each property owner shall be served with a notice in which the name of such owner is given.” The claim seems to be that Harris alone was the owner within the meaning of the charter; and that Longwell, being a mere holder of an incumbrance, at the passage of the ordinance providing for the street opening, did not come within the designation of owner. In this connection it must be borne in -mind that the city is only required to look to the record in the recorder’s office and make such persons parties as are shown by such record “at the time the ordinance providing for the improvement takes effect.” And at that time the record showed the title to be in Harris, and that Long-well was beneficiary in a deed of trust executed by Harris.
But notwithstanding the plausible nature of counsel’s contention, the authorities are uniformly against it. The owner named in the charter or statute is held to include a record mortgagee or cestui que trust in a deed of trust duly recorded. Stafford v. Fizer, 82 Mo. 393; Blevins v. Smith, 104 Mo. 583, and cases cited at page 589, together with the numerous authorities found in the brief of the learned and industrious counsel for plaintiff.
In a majority of the cases cited the courts construed the general revenue law where the suit for the foreclosure of the state’s lien for taxes on real estate is required tobe brought against “the owner of the property.” And in such cases it was held, that unless the *185holder of a junior or inferior incumbrance is made a party defendant his interests will not be affected by the judgment. The reasons therefor are stated in the cases cited and we shall not extetid this opinion by repeating them. This was, too, it seems, the intention in framing the city charter, where it states that, “it shall be sufficient to bring in the owner of property, or those interested in the property affected by such proceedings who may be such owners or Be interested therein at the time the ordinance providing for the improvement takes effect.” We hold, then, that Longwell was a necessary party; that in order to assess the property in which he had a record interest at the date of the ordinance, it was necessary to give him notice, otherwise his interest would not be affected.
-: -: judgment: injunction. .Neither can there be any question as to the right of the plaintiff to resort to equity to remove the cloud created by these judgments from the title of his real estate. State ex rel., etc., v. Philips, 97 Mo. 331-339; Bayha v. Taylor, 36 Mo. App. 427; 1 Story’s Eq. Jur., sec. 80.
Our conclusion then is that the condemnation proceedings in question are, as to plaintiff Longwell, void; and that the judgments charging his lots constitute a cloud on his title and should be removed.
The judgment of the circuit court will be reversed and cause remanded with directions to enter a decree as prayed for in plaintiff’s petition.
All concur.