On the night of January 8, 1897, plaintiff’s husband, who was a brakeman in defendant’s employ, was *671crushed and killed while trying to uncouple a car on a sidetrack at Mirick station near Lexington. The crew was at the time making up a west bound train from a lot of cars loaded with coal. The nature of the complaint is thus disclosed in the petition:
Statement. “Plaintiff avers that in the midst of said loaded cars standing upon said sidetrack there was one car numbered thirty-nine (39) coupled to another car which was wholly defective and dangerous in this, to wit: That the draw-head or draw-bar (as it is sometimes called) thereto, which is used for coupling cars together, and was designed to insure the safety of decedent in coupling or uncoupling said cars, was drawn out of one end of said car and in lieu thereof the defendant at that time and place was using an iron chain for the purpose of coupling said car at that end, and that the dead-wood or bumper belonging to said car number thirty-nine (39), .used in connection with said draw-head or draw-bar, was wholly defective, shattered and broken and the cross-beam belonging thereto was entirely gone, all of which was intended and designed, in a car properly equipped, as additional protection from danger to one engaged in the act of coupling or uncoupling cars.
“Plaintiff avers that the use of said chain in lieu of said draw-head or draw-bar; the defective, shattered and broken condition of said dead-wood and the absence of said cross-beam, made the operation of uncoupling said car, at that time and place, hazardous and dangerous, as the defendant well knew. Plaintiff avers that said decedent, her said husband, had no knowledge whatever at the time of the accident hereinafter set forth, or at any time whatever, of the defective condition of said car, or that said draw-head or draw-bar was gone from car number thirty-nine (39), and that in lieu thereof defendant was using a chain, and that the said dead-wood was in said defective, shattered and broken condition, and that the crossbeam thereto was gone, and that on the evening of the 8th day *672of January aforesaid, the conductor in charge of said train and the crew thereof, including the decedent, ordered said decedent to uncouple said car fr-om the others and to set the same out of said train. Plaintiff avers that tire said conductor was a superior officer appointed by the defendant, and that by the rules and regulations of said defendant, said decedent was compelled and bound to obey said order of said conductor in the premises, it being within the authority of said conductor to make such, order to decedent.
“Plaintiff avers that the said decedent was a careful, prudent, cautious .and reliable man in the discharge of his railroad duties as such brakeman and that in a careful, prudent and cautious manner he attempted to obey said order to uncouple said car and to s.et the same, out of the train, but as decedent was in the act of uncoupling said car, the locomotive attached to said train of cars, so standing upon said track was suddenly set in motion, drawing said cars, including said car number thirty-nine (39) forward, and the same was as suddenly stopped whereby the said car number thirty-nine (39), for the lack of said draw-head or cross-bar, and because of said broken, defective and shattered dead-wood, and the loss of said cross-beam belonging thereto, crashed against the car, to which the said defective car was attached and between the said cars the decedent’s head was crushed, the occipital bone, near the temple being crushed in and his breast bone broken and the said decedent was then and thereby so injured that death was instantaneoiis. Plaintiff avers that said injury and death were caused solely and entirely by defendant’s negligence in not providing proper, safe and sound instrumentalities as herein aforesaid for decedent to perform the act of uncoupling said car number thirty-nine (39) and that said decedent in no way contributed thereto by any negligence.”
The answer, in addition to a general denial, charged contributory negligence, that the deceased brakeman well knew of the defective condition of the car and the absence of the *673draw-head, etc., that he was advised thereof and warned to be careful in using the same, that said defects were open and obvious, and that said deceased therefore assumed the risk.There was a verdict and judgment for plaintiff in the sum of $2,500 and defendant appealed.
Master and servant: negligence: assumption of risk: contributory negligence: evidence. The main ground relied upon for reversal, is that a demurrer to the evidence should have been .sustained. After a very careful consideration of the entire evideuce in the light of the law applicable thereto, we have concluded the point not well taken. The jury was entirely justified in finding that defendant was negligent in the matter of furnishing reasonably safe coupling appliances to car number-39. The allegations of the petition in that respect were amply supported by the evidence. It was proved that this car loaded with coal, was taken up on the day in question at Rocky Branch Switch near Higginsville; that it was then in a very imperfect condition, having lost one of its draw-heads, and in order to haul the car it had to be chained to another. It was there loaded with coal and billed to Beloit, Kansas. When said car reached Mirick station, on its way to Beloit, it. was placed with other cars loaded with coal on a side track to be taken up and forwarded to its destination by a train to be made up at that point, and connected with which train the deceased worked as a brakeman. The evidence also tended to prove that when the car arrived at Mirick in addition to the loss of the draw-head, or draw-bar, so necessary for safe coupling, the end of the car had become so battered and broken that the deadwood, bumpers and cross-beam used to keep the cars apart, had become lost or so disabled as to be worthless for the purposes intended. It seems that even in the absence of the draw-bar, these dead-wood, bumpers, etc., if in place and proper condition, would have been sufficient to hold the cars apart so as to allow the brakeman to enter between the cars and disconnect them as' Harney was attempting at the time he was killed. *674With these out, however, the cars would come so close together as to crush a man between them; there would in fact then be no space left between the ends of the cars. That this was the condition of car 39 when Harney went in to make the coupling, is not only shown by the testimony of -parties who examined the car next morning, but is also proved by the fact that Harney’s head was crushed by the coming together of the ends of the two cars. Eor if the ordinary bumpers or dead-wood had been in place the cars could not have approached each other nearer than eight to twelve inches, which was more than sufficient space for the head of the deceased.
The continued use of the car in its defective and dangerous condition was a clear violation of that duty resting on the master to provide reasonably safe appliances for the servant.
But defendant rests its defense mainly on certain evidence adduced at the trial which tended to prove that Harney had full knowledge of the absence of the draw-head — that he was, a short time before attempting the coupling, informed that the car had no draw-head, that he and an associate brakeman were advised by the conductor of the intention to take the car out of the train and leave it at Mirick for repair, and that they were warned to be careful in the uncoupling. In view of this evidence and of the further fact that the defective condition of the car was of such an obvious character, and the danger of its use so patent it is contended that the deceased brakeman asumed the risk incident to the use of the car; or, to put it in another way, that the brakeman having such knowledge, or means’ of knowledge, was guilty of contributory negligence in entering between the cars to uncouple the same while in motion.
In answer to this contention it is sufficient first to say that neither the court below nor this court was or is authorized to concede the truth of the statement of the two witnesses who testified that the dead brakeman was told of the condition of *675the car, that was a matter to be left to the jury. Nor was it proper to assume that the defect was of such an open and obvious character that the brakeman, in the exercise of ordinary care, ought to have discovered it before he went in to do the coupling. This, too, was a matter to be settled by the triers of the fact. According to the evidence, the night was dark, and though the deceased carried a lantern it is not at all clear that by the exercise of reasonable care and caution he could have discovered the absence of the draw-bar before going between the cars.
But however this may be, there is no pretense that Harney was informed or that he knew that the dead-wood, bumpers or cross-beam were shattered, broken away and destroyed; so that, though he knew of the loss of the draw-bar, and that the cars were chained together, yet he may have thought it reasonably safe to go in between the cars to perform his duty, since said timbers would hold the cars sufficiently apart to insure his safety. And from the evidence it seems, that the absence of these bumpers or dead-wood would hardly be noticed by a mere casual or ordinary observer. "Witnesses who looked at the car the night of the accident failed to see these defects, but they were readily discovered by daylight the next morning.
It is useless to go over the numerous decisions cited and review the language of different judges and courts in cases of this nature. The respective duties of master and servant are well settled. It is incumbent on the former to exercise ordinary diligence in providing the servant with reasonably safe appliances so as not to expose him to unnecessary danger; and on the other hand it is incumbent on the servant, while obeying the orders of his employer, to exercise reasonable care for his own protection and not heedlessly expose himself to obvious perils. And if then the deceased brakeman knew, or by the exercise of ordinary care might have known, that the car in question was so defective that it was not reasonably safe *676to enter where he did and perform the work, it was his duty to desist, otherwise he or those representing him could not complain of injuries thus needlessly received. He would in that event be chargeable with negligence directly contributing to the injury and no action would lie against the master. But in order to justify the court in declaring, as matter of law, that the injured party was himself negligent, it should clearly and incontrovertibly appear that no other conclusion was fairly deducible from the evidence, giving him the benefit of every reasonable inference that may be drawn from it. We are not prepared to declare that the facts and circumstances attending Harney’s death thus established this clear case of contributory negligence, and the court correctly declined to give the peremptory instruction asked by defendant.
As to the court’s action in giving and refusing instructions defendant surely has no cause to complain. These declarations of the law were very clear and comprehensive and gave to the defendant the benefit of every theory of defense to which it was entitled. Plaintiff’s third and fourth instructions, in effect déclaring that even though Harney knew of the defective condition of the car, yet he was justified in going in to uncouple the same under the conductor’s order unless the danger was so' glaring that no prudent person would have attempted to uncouple the same under the conditions then existing, were properly given. The propriety of these instructions is fully sustained by the authorities cited in plaintiff’s brief. These cases too fully justified the court’s action in refusing defendant’s eighth and ninth instructions.
The case was fairly tried and the judgment must be affirmed.
All concur.