The plaintiff in driving a team on the' streets of the city of St. Joseph approached within three feet of a railway crossing when one of defendant’s engines passed in front of the horses causing them to take fright and run away, throwing plaintiff out of the vehicle in which he was seated and injuring him severely. He brought this action for damages and recovered judgment for $2,000 in the trial court.
The petition charges negligence in defendant’s violating three requirements of the city ordinances, viz.: in failing to ring the bell of the locomotive; in running at greater speed than five miles an hour; and in failing to have a watchman or flagman at the crossing.
As we understand the plaintiff’s theory, it is that he drove his team so close up to the track that, though a gentle team, an engine suddenly passing would frighten it. And that he was led to drive into such position by reason of the bell not being rung and no flagman being at the crossing to warn him of the approach. We do not mean to confine plaintiff to any theory he may wish to advance on a retrial, and only state the appearance of the case as now presented.
. There was evidence in behalf of plaintiff tending to show that he approached the crossing at an ordinary gait and that when within thirty feet of the track he stopped and looked and listened. That he heard no sound of approach of cars, and no ringing of a bell. That he could not see in the direction from which the engine came on account of a high board fence. On the other hand, there was evidence tending to prove, either that plaintiff did not look, or, if he did, he could have seen the engine’s approach and remained a proper distance from the track until it passed.
In this condition of evidence the court gave for plaintiff an instruction which only made it necessary that plaintiff should have approached the crossing “in the exercise of care and caution,” omitting to state his *99duty to stop and look and listen. Defendant thereupon asked an instruction declaring it to have been the duty of plaintiff to have stopped, looked and listened, and that if he failed to do so he could not recover. This was altered .by the court so as to make it read that if he “negligently” failed to stop, etc. This was error. In this State, to stop, look and listen (at least to look and listen, as, in some circumstances, it has been held unnecessary to stop) is held to be a specific duty and it is negligence to omit to do so. His failure to stop, look and listen in this case (if he did fail) was negligence barring his recovery, and his failure ought not to have been qualified by making it a negligent failure. Such qualification left the jury to say whether his omission to stop, look and listen was negligence; whereas, if the jury believed he failed, the court itself should declare the failure to be negligence.
Defendant had a right to the specific instruction as to the necessity of those specific acts — Murray v. Transit Co., 176 Mo. 183 — and it was harmful error to destroy the effect of such declaration by the qualification inserted.
We are of the opinion that defendant’s objection that the petition did not state a cause of action was properly disallowed.
We regard the court’s action on defendant’s refused instructions, excepting the one referred to above, as proper.
The judgment will be reversed and cause remanded.
All concur.