On the twenty-seventh day of April, 1878, N. L. Thatcher filed a petition, of which the following is a copy, in the district court of Adams county:
“Nelson L. Thatcher v. Isaac M. Norton and William E. McCullough, lute doing business under the firm name of Norton & McCullough, defendants. The *189plaintiff states that on or about the sixth day of July, 1877, the said defendants, Isaac M. Norton and William E. McCullough, were indebted to the said plaintiff in the sum of three hundred and ninety-eight dollars and two cents, as balance due on account for a certain lot of wool, b.y the said plaintiff before that time sold and delivered to the said defendants at said defendants’ special instance and request, which said sum of money the plaintiff avers was then due and payable, and yet said defendants, though often requested, have not paid said sum of money nor any part thereof. Wherefore the said plaintiff prays judgment, etc.”
The defendants answered separately, denying the indebtedness; McCullough also alleged in his answer that said wool was sold to the firm of Norton & McCullough, to be accounted for to the plaintiff as soon as the wool should he sold by the said Norton & McCullough; that before said wool was sold the firm of Norton & McCullough dissolved partnership, and that plaintiff agreed with him (McCullough) that he would not hold him responsible, but would look to Norton, who .was then conducting the business in his own name. The plaintiff in his reply denied “ each and every allegation of new matter contained in the answer.” Upon the’ trial of the cause, judgment was rendered in favor of Thatcher for the sum of $398, and costs, against the defendants jointly. Norton brings,the cause into this court by petition in error. The only error assigned is that the finding of the court — a jury having been waived by the parties in controversy — is contrary to law and against the weight of the evidence.
During the progress of the trial the following contract was read in evidence:
“Hastings, July 6, 1877.
“Deceived of W. E. McCullough twenty dollars ($20) for which sum I, N. L. Thatcher, agree to give the *190said "W. E. McCullough any profits that I may have on a lot of 5,850 pounds of wool over and above costs and freight; and I, ~W. E. McCullough, agree to pay any loss that may be made in sale of wool under $1,328.75, and freight.
“(Signed) “N. L. THATCHER,
“vm. e. McCullough.”
It appears from the testimony that Norton and McCullough were in partnership in the grain business at the time this contract was entered into, although the exact scope of the partnership business nowhere clearly appears. Norton was absent in Chicago at the time the contract was made, and it appears that McCullough told Thatcher at the time that “if Norton did not want to take an interest he need not.” Upon the return of Norton' from Chicago, he testifies that McCullough informed him that “there was only $20 at stake, he gave that for the chance of the profits.” He also testifies that he said nothing about making up the losses. McCullough testifies that on Norton’s return he informed him of the contract, but as it is apparent that he said nothing to Norton about the written contract his statement may well be doubted. The wool was sold on the twenty-first of December, 1877, for the sum of $1,188.09^ the charges and commissions being $196.81. After the sale of the wool, an attempt appears to have been made to collect the balance from Norton, when he applied to Thatcher for information about the matter, and was then informed for the first time about the written contract. It is claimed that Norton and McCullough being in partnership, therefore Norton is bound by this contract.
The principle is well settled that the acts or contracts of one partner with reference to the partnership business and affairs, are to be deemed the acts and *191contracts of all. Converse v. Shambaugh, 4 Neb., 378; Mayberry v. Willoughby, 5 Id., 368.
But a partner binds tbe firm, necessarily, only when he uses tbe name of tbe firm (Parsons on Partnership, 95), and when be acts within tbe scope of bis authority. In this case it is shown beyond question that tbe contract was entered into by McCullough in bis own name, be at tbe time stating to Thatcher that Norton need not be a party to tbe transaction unless be desired, consequently tbe sale was not made to tbe firm. Neither does tbe petition allege that tbe wool was sold to these parties as partners. In tbe title of tbe case it is said, “late doing business under tbe firm name of Norton & McCullough,” but this is a mere description of tbe persons. There is no allegation in tbe petition that this contract was made by tbe firm, or that such a firm was in existence at tbe time it was entered into. But it is sought to bold Norton liable upon tbe ground that be subsequently ratified tbe act of bis co-partner. In order to prove a subsequent ratification there must be evidence of previous knowledge, on tbe part of tbe party ratifying, of all tbe material facts. 'When such facts are shown a subsequent ratification is equivalent to original authority. In this case tbe evidence clearly shows that tbe written contract was concealed from Norton, both by McCullough and Thatcher, until after tbe sale of tbe wool. Tbe clear weight of testimony shows that this was not a partnership transaction, and fails to show that Norton bad notice of tbe terms of tbe contract, without which there could be no ratification. Eor these reasons tbe judgment of the district court is reversed, and tbe cause remanded for further proceedings.
Reversed and remanded.