Action to quiet title to lots 8 and 9, in block 2, of Arendt’s Second addition to the town of Elm Creek, in Buffalo county. It is alleged in the petition that on the 7th day of December, 1898, the premises in dispute were sold by the county treasurer of Buffalo county to W. C. Campbell for the unpaid taxes of 1892, amounting to the sum of $1.85; that Campbell afterwards assigned the certificate of purchase to Henry C. Andrews, to Avhom a treasurer’s deed Aims issued on the 1st day of December, 1898, and that through mesne conveyances from Andrews his interest. in the property is now held by defendant; that the tax deed Avas void, and defendant has no rights thereunder. There is an allegation in the petition that on the 25th day of November, 1902, the property was subsequently sold for delinquent taxes to George Arendt, but no allegation is made in any of the pleadings that a deed was ever issued upon such sale. The allegations of the petition thus far seem to be admitted in the answer, except as to the character of the treasurer’s tax deed of December 1, 1898. The petition further alleges that ou or about November 22, 1902, defendant’s remote grantor *109entered into the possession of the property, and he and his grantees, including defendant, have held possession ever since; that the premises have thereon a large livery barn, etc., the rental value of which is and has been $15 a month; that on the 17th day of November, 1902, and for a long time prior thereto, John F. Brown, the father of plaintiff, was the owner of the fee title of the property; that she is his only child and sole heir; that on the said day he disappeared from his home, and has not been heard from since, although diligent inquiries were made for him to learn his whereabouts, if still living, his absence continuing over 8 years, unheard of during all of said, time by his family, friends and neighbors, and that therefore he is presumed to be dead; that in the month of April, 1908, the wife of Brown procured a divorce from him, and that she has no interest in the property, the title being alone in plaintiff; that defendant has no interest in. the property, except that procured under the void tax? deed of December 1, 1898. The prayer of the petition is-, that John F. Brown may be adjudged to be dead, and! plaintiff be decreed to be his sole heir at law; that an account be taken of the rents and profits of the premises while in possession of defendant and his grantors; that the same be set off against the taxes paid by them; and that an order be made for the payment of any amount due to either party, plaintiff’s title quieted, and’ she be declared eititled to the possession of the property.
Defendant Kaufman answered in denial of the unadmitted averments of the petition; plea of statute of limitations; the allegation that the rental value of the premises did not exceed $5 a month, that he had placed permanent improvements upon the premises to the amount and value of $300; a denial of the death of Brown, or that plaintiff has any interest in the premises; the averment that Mary E. Brown conveyed her right and title to the property to L. May Arendt, through whom defendant claims, on the 22d day of November, 1902, releasing right of dower; prayer that said John F. Brown be made a party defendant, and defendant’s title quieted. An answer *110was filed by Mary E. Brown denying plaintiff’s right to the property; but, as it is shown that she has died pending this appeal, the issues thereon presented need not be noticed. It also appears that 'defendant Kaufman has died pending the appeal, and the case against him has been revived in the name of the administrator of his estate.The plaintiff filed her reply, denying unadmitted averments of the answer, admitting that Mary E. Brown executed a quitclaim deed to L. May Arendt as alleged in defendant’s answer, but alleging that the deed- conveyed only her inchoate right of dower, and was void. A trial was had to the district court, which resulted in favor of plaintiff. Defendant appeals.
The brief of appellant contains no reference to the tax deed executed by the county treasurer December 1, 1898, and, as it must be conceded that the deed is void, it need not be further noticed, except to say that as early as February, 1894, it was held in Larson v. Dickey, 39 Neb. 463, that, “until the legislature shall provide for an official seal for county treasurers, no tax deed of any validity can be executed under the present revenue law.” The law had not. been changed at the time of the execution of the deed in question.
The only question • presented by the appeal is as to the sufficiency of the evidence to raise the legal presumption of the death of John F. Brown, the holder of the legal title to the real estate, at the time of his unexpected disappearance from Elm Creek, the place of residence of himself and family at that time. Plaintiff is his daughter and only child. The one time wife of Brown has died. Sometime after the disappearance of Brown, his wife obtained an absolute divorce from him on the ground of desertion and failure to support, and she, if living, could have no interest in the property. There is no evidence of any rupture or disagreement in the family at or prior to the time of Brown’s disappearance. When he had hired help in his livery business the employee slept in the barn. At the time under consideration, having no help, he slept in the barn, taking his meals at home with his family. On the *111morning of November 17, 1902, lie failed to go to his breakfast, and his daughter, plaintiff herein, went to the barn to call him, but he was not there. His bed, a team and wagon were also missing. Owing to a crippled and disfigured hand, he could not write. In making investigations about the barn, certain writings were found at his desk stating that he was leaving “to parts unknown,” exonerating his family from wrong, and giving directions as to the disposition of the personal property, etc. About a week after that time an envelope was received from Kansas, through the mail, containing a post office money order. No letter accompanied the money order; but the words “my lodge dues” were written. Plaintiff took the money order, visited the officers of the two lodges to which he belonged, found that the unpaid dues amounted to the sum named in the order, and turned over the order in payment. If this remittance was from Brown, it is the last that was ever heard from him by his family. After his disappearance, it was .ascertained that Mrs. Lopaz, a widow, residing in Elm Creek, was missing; that she disappeared on the same night of Brown’s disappearance. She has never since been heard from. The supposition, and Ave think the presumption, is that she went with Brown, although there is no direct evidence that such is the fact. The writings found in the barn were not in Brown’s handwriting, as he could not write, and there is some slight evidence that the writing was by Mrs. Lopaz. There is some evidence that Brown has been seen in various parts of the country since his disappearance; but it is not convincing. He seems to have had a tender regard for his family, and his remittance for the payment of his lodge dues, if he did so remit, might be construed as showing, either a desire to protect them, or a purpose to return and perpetuate his insurance. It is shown that inquiries Avere made among Ms relatives; but none of them have ever heard from him. Wé therefore think that the decision of the district court, finding that he was presumed to be dead, is sustained by sufficient evidence. As it is shown that since the taking of this appeal the mother of plaintiff *112has departed tbis life, if Brown is deceased, the title-to the property is in plaintiff as his sole heir.
Counsel for appellant have been diligent in their investigation and citation of cases, which incline more or less strongly to their contention; but we cannot see that they are decisive of this case. While it is true that Brown,, or some one else, over his name, left writings, which he neither wrote nor signed, saying that he was “going to-parts unknown,” we find no declaration in any of the notes-that he did not intend to return; but in one it was said,. “I will send you a regular bill of sale” for one of the mares, and in another, it was said, “Anything I owe here-I will pay as soon as possible.” So we conclude that,, even if the letters were written by his dictation, they do not show a determination never to return. Be was not a. fugitive from justice, for there is no evidence that he was charged or suspected of having committed any crime-previous to his depárture. It is shown that the woman, Mrs. Lopaz, was seen at Brown’s barn on several -occasions; but there is no proof of misconduct on their part or evidence of undue familiarity between them. She may have been there on legitimate business. The evidence-seems to indicate that the parties left the village of Elm Creek together, yet it is largely a matter of inference-arising- from the disappearance of both on the same date. Prom a review of all the evidence presented, we are unable to say that the finding of the trial court, that the death of Brown was presumed, was wrong.
There is another feature of the case which is deemed worthy of notice. If from, all the evidence the presumption of death has arisen, the property belongs to plaintiff by the law of descent, and she is-entitled to it. Brown, not being a party to this suit, if the conclusion as to the-presumption of his death is wrong, and he is still living,, his right to the property will not be destroyed by the-decree; the. only effect will be the interruption of the running of the statute of limitations in favor of defendant,, who has no interest in or title to the property, and could not have until his adverse possession has ripened into a. *113title. That right not having accrued, the decree, while not establishing Brown’s right, might, as an incident, inure to his benefit by reason of the failure of the completion of the statutory bar. As between plaintiff and Brown, her father, and their relative rights, the decree can have no effect, should he be alive, as he is not a party to the suit. As between plaintiff and the administrator of the estate of defendant, the decree will be effective in establishing plaintiff’s right, subject, to that of her father. In such case less weight and convincing evidence is required than where the property might be squandered and Brown’s rights therein be lost. 2 G-reenleaf, Evidence (16th ed.) sec. 2787l
The decree of the district court is
Affirmed.
Rose, Sedgwick and Hamer, JJ., not sitting.