The trial in the lower court resulted in a verdict for the proponent of the will in question. This appeal is taken to vacate the judgment rendered on the verdict.
The error assigned is the instruction of the trial court that the evidence did not support the allegation of the plaintiff that the will was made under duress and through the undue influence of Mrs. Burnett, the daughter of the deceased, Charles Beindorff, with whom she lived for some months previous to the making of the will and for over 7% years afterwards, when he died at the age of 85 years. He left an estate variously estimated at from $20,000 to $70,-000. He bequeathed the bulk of his estate to Mrs. Burnett; $1,000 each to her two children; $500 each to the children of his deceased son, .Charles F.; the same amount to the two eldest children of his son Otto, the contestant; nothing to his grandson Charles; and $1 to Otto. So far as the evidence shows, he was on good terms with his grandchildren and had always helped the families financially. The testimony is somewhat conflicting as to his relations with his son Otto. Otto was given to strong drink and was frequently in financial distress. The will recites that Otto has “re*45ceived advances from my estate in excess of Ms distributive share.” The evidence shows that the father supported Otto and his wife for four years while they were in Europe, the former studying music, and that he also helped Ms son Charles in business enterprises, and lost money advanced. According to testimony of certain witnesses, the deceased had said that Charles had received advancements equal to his distributive share. There is evidence showing that when Otto could not get money from his father he would sometimes become very abusive. This testimony is denied. In a letter to his sister, Otto solicits her aid in securing $50 “to avoid a cussing from Pa and excitement to you.”
As bearing upon undue influence, Adolph Holz, who worked in the family in 1907, a year after the will was made, testifies that when Otto wanted to borrow a dollar to buy coal' Mrs. Burnett objected, but her father permitted Otto to have a sack of coal. According to this witness, she would prevent her father from giving Otto money. The witness Ish testifies that Mrs. Burnett told him that she had to manage the business, and that when she asked or required her father to do anything he would do it. When asked if he had ever known deceased to comply with any order or direction his daughter gave him? the witness replies : “He would do what she said, and did do it.” He also testifies that after the will was made, in a conversation he had with her, she anticipated litigation over the will. When these conversations occurred, the evidence does not disclose. The witness also testifies that, from 1900 on, the deceased failed mentally and physically, so as not to be mentally competent to transact business. This issue of fact was submitted to the jury, which found against the contestant.
It is unnecessary to go further into the details of the evidence. While the jury might believe from the evidence that the will was unfair, there appears to be an entire absence of evidence of the exercise of undue influence on the part of Mrs. Burnett, connected with the execution of the will and operating at the time it was made; that at the time the testator’s mind was so overmastered that her will was sub*46stituted for his. While the intentional exercise of undue influence, destroying the free agency of the testator, may he shown by circumstantial evidence, it is not sufficient to show merely that the person may have power to unduly overbear the will of the testator. The evidence must go further and show that by the exercise of that power the will was, in fact, procured. Mere suspicion, conjecture or guess that undue influence has been exercised is not sufficient. In Boggs v. Boggs, 62 Neb. 274, this court used language as follows: “The burden is upon the contestants to establish undue influence, and in so doing it is not enough to show that the circumstances attending execution of the will are consistent with the hypothesis of its having been obtained by undue influence; it must be shown that they are inconsistent with a contrary hypothesis.”
Finding no error in the record, the judgment of the district court is
Affirmed.
Hamer, J., dissents.