[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
NOV 13, 2008
No. 08-13226 THOMAS K. KAHN
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
D. C. Docket No. 06-80040-CR-DTKH
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
JOSE DAVILA,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
_________________________
(November 13, 2008)
Before CARNES, BARKETT and WILSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Jose Socorro Davila appeals his 70-month sentence for distribution of 500 or
more grams of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(B). He
argues that the government violated the plea agreement by holding him responsible
for 5.99 kilograms of cocaine, while he reasonably understood that, under the
terms of the plea agreement, he would be held accountable for 1 kilogram of
cocaine.
The undisputed facts reflect the following. At the change of plea hearing,
the government proffered that Davila sent five kilograms of cocaine to a buyer, and
then, later on, the buyer was to return one kilogram of cocaine to Davila plus the
money for the rest. At the conclusion of the government’s proffer, the court asked
Davila, "[d]o you admit that you said and did the various things that [the
government] has suggested." Davila responded, "[y]eah, one kilogram. Only for
one kilo. The rest was money. One-fifty-three thousand dollars." (Id.). Davila
then pled guilty, pursuant to the plea agreement.
The presentence investigation report, ("PSI"), reported that Davila was
responsible for 5.99 kilograms of cocaine and, based upon the 2005 Guideline
Manual, gave Davila a base offense level of 32, pursuant to U.S.S.G.§ 2D1.1(a)(3),
with a two-level reduction for meeting the § 5C1.2(a) requirements, pursuant to §
2D1.1(b)(7), and a three-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility, pursuant
to § 3E1.1. His total offense level was 27, with a criminal history category of I,
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resulting in a sentencing range of 70-87 months' imprisonment.
At the sentencing hearing, Davila did not object to the facts as laid out in the
PSI, and agreed to the advisory sentencing range of 70-87 months' imprisonment.
Davila stipulated that the PSI's calculations were correct. The parties jointly
recommended a sentence at the low end of the guideline range. The court agreed
and sentenced Davila to 70 months' imprisonment. After pronouncing sentence,
the court then asked if there were any objections, to which Davila responded that
he had no objections.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Davila argues that the plea agreement was
modified by his assertion at the plea hearing that he was responsible “[o]nly for
one kilo” of cocaine, and that the government assented to the modification by
failing to object. He asserts that, because he qualified for safety valve relief, the
government was required to recommend a sentence below the five-year mandatory
minimum, which would be consistent with a guideline range of 37-46 months’
imprisonment based on responsibility for 1 kilogram of cocaine, but not a guideline
range at 70-87 months’ imprisonment, based on responsibility for 5.99 kilograms
of cocaine. He relies on United States v. Boatner, 966 F.2d 1575, 1578 (11th Cir.
1992), to contend that the government breached the plea agreement because the
Presentence Investigation Report (“PSI”) held him responsible for 5.99 kilograms
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of cocaine based on information the government provided, when he reasonably
understood, under the plea agreement, that he was to be held responsible for 1
kilogram of cocaine.
Where a defendant fails to object to the alleged breach in the district court,
we review for plain error in order to prevent manifest injustice. Mahique, 150 F.3d
at 1332. We may find plain error where: (1) an error occurs; (2) the error is plain;
(3) the error affects substantial rights; and (4) “the error seriously affects the
fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United States v.
Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 732-36, 113 S.Ct. 1770, 1777-79, 123 L.Ed.2d 508 (1993)
(internal quotations and citations omitted).
As an initial matter, Davila did not waive his right to appeal because the
waiver applied only to the sentence imposed, not to the conduct of the parties in
entering the plea agreement. See United States v. Copeland, 381 F.3d 1101, 1104-
05 (11th Cir. 2004). Nevertheless, the government is bound by promises it made to
a defendant in order to induce the defendant to plead guilty. United States v.
Johnson, 132 F.3d 628, 630 (11th Cir. 1998). In determining whether the
government breached the plea agreement, we must first determine the scope of the
government’s promises. Raulerson v. United States, 901 F.2d 1009, 1011 (11th
Cir.1990). Whether or not the government violated the plea agreement “is judged
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according to the defendant’s reasonable understanding at the time that he entered
his plea.” United States v. Taylor, 77 F.3d 368, 370 (11th Cir.1996) (quotation
omitted). Further, if the defendant’s understanding is disputed by the government,
the actual terms of the agreement are determined by objective standards. United
States v. Rewis, 969 F.2d 985, 988 (11th Cir.1992).
We find no breach of the plea agreement here and the district court did not
plainly err in sentencing Davila to 70 months’ imprisonment.
AFFIRMED.
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