dissenting. I am not able to agree with the majority of the court in the decision of this case.
In the first place, the amended petition under which the trial was had fails to allege that any claim for damages had been filed with the clerk of the city and that sixty days had elapsed thereafter before the filing of the suit. Such an allegation was contained in the original petition, but it was superseded at the time of the trial by the amended petition, and of course is not to be considered. The record of the evidence also fails to show proof that any such claim was filed. This being an action for damages occasioned, as claimed by plaintiff, by a street improvement, Section 3830 of the General Code makes the filing of such a claim a prerequisite.
There are two of these claim sections in the statutes relating to street improvements: Section 3823, applying to claims of abutting property owners where the damages are obvious; and Section 3830, in its terms applying to “damages arising from any cause.” The difference between these two sections is discussed by the supreme court in the case of Cohen v. Cleveland, 43 Ohio St., 190, in *398the opinion of the court at page 195. While the language of Section 3830 is general, it has been limited by the case of City of Warren v. Davis, 43 Ohio St., 447, to damages arising from street improvements. The failure to file such a claim is a bar to the action. Ernst v. Kunkle, 5 Ohio St., 520; Cohen v. Cleveland, supra. These sections are also discussed in the opinion of the court in the case of City of Ironton v. Wiehle, 78 Ohio St., 41.
Outside, however, of this failure to show the filing of a claim, in my opinion, the judgment is not sustained by the evidence. The record of the evidence is very unsatisfactory in clearly determining just how the improvement of Glenway avenue was .made by the city, and just when and how the damage resulted to the plaintiff below. It does, however, show that Glenway avenue extends over a hill with a steep grade extending upward on the west side and downward on the east side; that the house of the plaintiff was built up to the street line on the east or lower side of the avenue, and that opposite it the surface of the hill had slid down, covering a part of the west side of the street; that the improvement made by the city consisted simply in repaving a macadamized street with granite pavement and the building of a concrete retaining wall along the west side to prevent future slides. It appears that the land lying west of Glenway avenue up as far as Wilder avenue was owned bv a private party, the traction companv, who had thrown upon it masses of dirt taken off of Wilder and Warsaw avenues. All of the witnesses agree that this hillside was composed of what they call *399“slip soil” that had been sliding niore or less for years, ever since they can remember. It also appears that plaintiff had suffered damages to his house by previous slides, and that his sidewalk and water pipes had been broken from time to time by the bulging up of the street; that his foundation had been thrown down and was rebuilt because of a slide about three years before the one complained of in this case. It is hard to determine from the evidence just what the facts are as to the particular slide or slides which caused the damage. The only testimony given is by plaintiff himself and another property owner, Mr. Ahern, and Mr. Kuhlman, who was at one time building inspector, and Mr. Rees McDuffie, ytho operated the incline railway south of this property and who was an old resident of that locality. None of these witnesses gives a detailed account of the method of the improvement or the nature of the slide which caused the damage. The two latter witnesses named above advised the city engineer and his assistant that certain precautions should be taken to avoid a hill slide, the latter suggesting that the soil which had been placed at the top of the hill on the property of the traction company should be first removed by the city, and Mr. Kuhlman advising that the engineer should drive piles to prevent sliding. He afterwards admitted that the piles were driven by the engineer in the trenches which were made for the foundations of the concrete wall and were driven just as he thought they should be. It appears that these trenches were dug in sections not more than fifty feet long and piles were *400driven in the bottom and the concrete laid upon them, and that these trenches were not dug until after the damage to plaintiff’s house. Plaintiff himself gives the best story of this damage. His testimony would indicate that there was but one slide which caused the damage and that it occurred on June 27 or 28 and was contemporaneous with a severe and unusual rainstorm, which was described by the United States observer as being very heavy and which defendant claims caused the slide.
It appears that at the time of this rainstorm the only work that had been done in the matter of the improvement was the removal of the slope of earth that had encroached upon the west side of the street in the* cleaning off of the street preparatory to repaving, and that the trench to which plaintiff attributed the slide had not at that time been dug.
The allegations of negligence in the amended petition were that the defendant and its agents knew or should in the exercise of reasonable care have known that to improve Glenway avenue, without bolstering or shoring up the street or the land above by wall or shoring, so as to prevent a slide or slip of the said street against and into said lot and against the fall of soil and dirt against said lot, would as a direct consequence cause a slip of the said street and of said lot, and would cause the fall of soil from said street onto said lot and would thereby cause damage to said lot and to the improvements thereon; and that “The defendant city, despite its knowledge or despite the knowledge which in the exercise of ordinary care it should *401have had of the nature of the soil and of the locality and of the consequences of its own acts, negligently failed in the exercise of ordinary care to shore up said street or the land above it as a protection to plaintiffs aforesaid lot against damage.”
The plaintiff can only recover by proving the acts of negligence alleged in the petition and that such negligence caused the damage. N. Y., C. & St. L. Rd. Co. v. Kistler, 66 Ohio St., 326; B. & O. Rd. Co. v. Lockwood, 72 Ohio St., 586; Elster v. Springfield, 49 Ohio St., 82.
'In my opinion the negligence complained of was not proven but is merely a matter of inference, as there was no attempt to show in any way how the city could have shored up or bolstered up either the street or land to the west of the street without first digging foundations for the necessary retaining walls, as was really done in this case.
“To establish negligence, there should be either direct proof of the facts constituting such negligence, or proof of facts from which negligence may be reasonably presumed. There should be no guessing by either court or jury.” C. T. & V. Rd. Co. v. Marsh, 63 Ohio St., 236.
The rights of plaintiff and the city as owners of adjoining premises come under the law relating to lateral support. The city as the owner of the street, the dominant tenement, owed no legal duty to hold up plaintiff’s house as the servient tenement. On the contrary, it was the duty of the plaintiff or his predecessor in title, when his cellar was excavated and the house was built, to so construct his cellar wall as to sustain and support the street as fully *402as the hill in its natural state would have done. The same rule might be invoked to require the city to hold the hill west of the street from sliding while in its natural condition, but could not be extended to’ require it to support same where it was caused to slide by the fact that large quantities of excess dirt had been piled thereon by its owners. U. S. v. Peachey, 36 Fed. Rep., 160; Village of Haverstraw v. Eckerson et al., 192 N. Y., 54; Milburn v. Fowler, 27 Hun, 568; 1 Cyc., 775, 777.
I think the court erred in refusing to give the following special charges which were asked by the defendant and which I believe should have been given:
“4b. The petition avers that in the exercise of ordinary care the street, Glenway avenue, and the land above, while the work in Glenway avenue was in progress should be bolstered and shored up and retained by walls and shoring to prevent a slide or slip of said street against and on to plaintiff’s lot, and that the city negligently failed in the exercise of ordinary care to shore up said street or the land above. This being the only negligence alleged is the only negligence you can consider. Plaintiff must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that in the exercise of ordinary care the city should have done things he mentions and that the city negligently failed to do those things. Unless plaintiff has proved all this by a preponderance of the evidence as aforesaid, your verdict should be for the defendant.
“6. The jury are charged if they find that the slide of which plaintiff complains was caused by *403extraordinary rain, or would not have occurred excepting for an extraordinary rain, the verdict should be for the defendant. By extraordinary is meant not necessarily a rainfall of a volume or intensity which never had before occurred in this vicinity, but one which is so heavy as to be unusual, and not to be reasonably anticipated and guarded against by persons using ordinary care and prudence in the progress of work of the kind which the evidence shows was called for in the improvement of Glenway avenue.Mr. Coleman Avery, assistant city solicitor, for plaintiff in error. Mr. Geoffrey Goldsmith and Mr. Guido Gores, for defendant in error.
“7. The jury are charged that if persons other than the city of Cincinnati piled earth or other materials on the space between Wilder and Glenway avenues west of plaintiff’s premises which caused the slip of which plaintiff complains, the verdict should be for the defendant.”
Defendant was entitled to have these charges, which are correct in form, given before the argument to the jury.