delivered the following opinion:
This is an application for leave to file a petition for a writ of habeas corpus without making the usual deposit for costs, fixed at $25 by a general rule of court. The applicant is a foreigner, a citizen of Venezuela, and he seeks to take advantage of the act of Congress of July 20, 1892, authorizing suits and actions in forma pauperis (27 Stat. at L. p. 252, chap. 209, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 706).
The subject of costs is provided for by the Eevised Statutes, § 828, IJ. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 635, but it has been held that the habeas corpus proceeding is sui generis, and is not governed by the specific terms of this section. Re Moy Chee Kee, 33 Fed. 377. Nevertheless, the court in that case, as have courts in many other cases, required the petitioner to make a deposit, against which costs were subsequently charged up. In that case, coming from California, the court followed the analogy of § 828, and directed the officers to collect fees analogous to .those charged in ordinary litigation, amounting to $11. In other words, the petitioner avails himself of the services of the officers, and must pay them for their services at the usual rates.
The act of 1892 as to suing in forma pauperis had not been passed at the time that the case of Moy Chee Kee was decided, (1887), and no later case directly in point has been called to the attention of this court. It is apparently, to that extent, one of novel impression.
The act of 1892 as to proceeding in forma pauperis is by its terms limited to suits and actions by a citizen of the United States. Only to this extent are litigants exempted from providing for payment of costs to officers of the court. The applicant *275in tbe case at bar is confessedly not a citizen of tbe United States, and tbe proceeding in question is not an action at law or a suit in equity. It is sui generis, and tbe exemptions of tbe act of 1892 do not apply.
It may well be that in tbe writ of babeas corpus, being a writ of right, parties without means and without fault may find it necessary to invoke tbe court’s aid without charge. Church, Habeas Corpus, § 118. Whatever might have been the rule before 1892, however, the wording of that act seems to indicate the general policy as to legal proceedings to be to limit this exemption to citizens of the United States. As observed by the court in He Hoy Chee Kee, such parties in interest knowingly and voluntarily take the risk when they come here, and should pay the necessary costs. The immigration acts, it should be remembered, are designed to keep paupers out of the United States, and it would seem that an application to sue as such would violate the spirit of that legislation, and should not be entertained by the court.
The costs, by analogy, will be fixed at the amount called for in oz-dinary cases under § 828. As, however, it would seem that the costs are less than in ordináry suits and actions, it is directed that in this and similar cases the preliminary deposit be fixed at $12.50, instead of the usual $25, and any balance over the actual costs shall be returned to the petitioner or his attorney.
It follows that the application to sue without provision fo;r costs must be denied, and it is so ordered.